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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1833 | - 1833—1839:
SA - Approximately 750 juveniles brought to the Cape as apprentices.
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| 2 | 1837 | - 1837—1837:
SA - Piet Retief publishes his "Manifesto".
- 1837—1837:
SA - Andries Potgieter and Piet Uys, helped by Rolong and Griqua tribes, defeat Ndebele at Mosega. Louis Trichardt arrives in Lourenco Marques. Seperate administrative districts granted to Port Elizabeth, Cradock and Colesburg.
- 1837—1837:
SA - Victoria
- 1837—1837:
Pitman introduces his shorthand system
- 1837—1837:
P&O Founded
- 20 Jun 1837—20 Jun 1837:
William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
- 1 Jul 1837—1 Jul 1837:
Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales -
Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same
boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
- 13 Jul 1837—13 Jul 1837:
Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
- 20 Jul 1837—20 Jul 1837:
Euston Railway station opens - first in London
|
| 3 | 1838 | - 1838—1838:
SA - Russell Road (Hyman's Kloof) Cemetery established in Port Elizabeth. Pietermaritzburg founded in 1838. Boers found Republic of Natal.
- Feb 1838—1838:
SA - Piet Retief and his people are murdered by Dingaan's soldiers at Dingaan's kraal and Weenen.
- 28 Jun 1838—28 Jun 1838:
Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
- 16 Dec 1838—1838:
SA - Battle of Blood River fought between Zulus and Boers.
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| 4 | 1839 | - 1839—1839:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parishes founded in Bredasdorp and Riversdale. Potchefstroom founded.
- 1839—1839:
First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong
- 1839—1839:
Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a
mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern
Sense
- 1839—1839:
Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
|
| 5 | 1840 | - 1840—1849:
SA - Expansion of commercial wool farmers in Karoo transforms colonial economy. Pedi migrate to work on Cape farms
- 1840—1840:
SA - The Anglican St. Katherine's Church is founded in Uitenhage.
- 1840—1840:
Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain
- 1840—1840:
Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed
elsewhere)
- 10 Jan 1840—10 Jan 1840:
Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
|
| 6 | 1841 | - 1841—1841:
SA - Missionary David Livingstone arrives in South Africa - proceeds to Kuruman before journeying through Central Africa
- 1841—1841:
SA - Circa 1841, the Methodist Church founded in Port Elizabeth. Trekkers council set up in Potchefstroom.
- 1841—1841:
Thomas Cook starts package tours
- 10 Feb 1841—10 Feb 1841:
Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
- 6 Jun 1841—6 Jun 1841:
June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
|
| 7 | 1842 | - 1842—1842:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Prince Albert. Dick King's ride from Durban to Grahamstown.
- 1842—1843:
SA - War between the British and the Boers in Natal.
- 1842—1842:
Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
- 30 Mar 1842—30 Mar 1842:
Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
- 29 Aug 1842—29 Aug 1842:
Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
|
| 8 | 1843 | - 1843—1843:
SA - Natal annexed as a British Colony.
- 1843—1843:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Richmond.
- 1843—1843:
First Christmas card in England
- 27 May 1843—27 May 1843:
The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
- 19 Jul 1843—19 Jul 1843:
Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
|
| 9 | 1844 | - 1844—1844:
SA - Access to land is changed from leasehold to free hold
- 1844—1844:
SA - Victoria West established
- Apr 1844—1844:
SA - Boers from Natal settle at Potchefstroom, after crossing the Drakensberg Mountains. Hendrik Potgieter settles at Delagoa Bay.
- 6 Jun 1844—6 Jun 1844:
YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
|
| 10 | 1845 | - 1845—1845:
SA - Mothibi of Tlhaping dies
- 1845—1845:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parish founded at Mossel Bay. Ohrigstad founded. Natal becomes autonomous district of Cape Colony.
- 1845—1845:
SA - Battle of Zwartkoppies.
- 1845—1845:
Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
- 17 Mar 1845—17 Mar 1845:
The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
|
| 11 | 1846 | - 1846—1854:
SA - Orange River Sovereignty
- 1846—1846:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Burgersdorp. Bloemfontein founded.
- 1846—1848:
SA - Seventh Frontier War between Xhosa and whites, this war was also known as the War of the Axe.
- 1846—1847:
SA - Approximately 103 settlers arrive in Port Elizabeth from war-torn Buenos Aires, Argentinia.
- 10 Sep 1846—10 Sep 1846:
The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
|
| 12 | 1847 | - 1847—1847:
SA - Colonial boundary extended to Orange River
- 1847—1847:
SA - Rhenish Missionary Christoph Alheit moves to Schietfontein (Carnarvon)
- 1847—1847:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Calvinia. Opening of Montagu Pass. Sugar cane plantations started in Natal. East London founded. Districts of Victoria East and British Kaffraria annexed as part of the Cape Colony.
- 1847—1847:
US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
- Jan 1847—Jan 1847:
An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
|
| 13 | 1848 | - 1848—1848:
SA - Boers cross the Vaal River. Orange River Sovereignty established. Battle of Boomplaats.
- 1848—1848:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Napier. Soutpansberg (later Schoemansdal) founded.
- 1848—1848:
First commercial production of chewing gum
- 24 Jan 1848—24 Jan 1848:
Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush
- 23 Mar 1848—1848:
SA - Approximately 163 German settlers, known as the Bergthiel Settlers, arrive in Natal.
- 11 Jul 1848—11 Jul 1848:
Waterloo railway station in London opens
|
| 14 | 1849 | - 1849—1849:
SA - Circa 1849 the first Jewish Congregation founded in Cape Town.
- 1849—1850:
SA - The Byrne Settlers arrive in Natal.
- 1849—1849:
Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally
occurred in 1971!
|
| 15 | 1850 | - 1850—1859:
SA - First Afrikaans book written by an imam (Muslim prayer leader) of slave descent
- 1850—1850:
SA - Wesleyan Settlers arrive in Natal. Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Namaqualand.
- 1850—1853:
SA - Eighth Frontier War.
|
| 16 | 1851 | - 1851—1851:
SA - Sugar first produced from cane in Natal.
- 1851—1851:
Gold discovered in Australia
- 1 May 1851—1 May 1851:
Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
|
| 17 | 1852 | - 1852—1852:
SA - Copper mining in Namaqualand - migrant labour on small scale
- 1852—1852:
SA - The Transvaal Republic established. Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Middelburg. The New Church (Congregational / Presbyterian) established in Port Elizabeth. Copper mining begins at Springbokfontein. Wreck of the Birkenhead.
- 1852—1852:
Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
- 1852—1852:
Wells Fargo established in USA
|
| 18 | 1853 | - 1853—1853:
SA - Hopetown established
- 1853—1853:
SA - Nicholas Waterboer succeeds as Griqua Captain
- 1853—1853:
SA - Settlement of Queenstown and Seymour. Union Steamship Line founded.
- 1853—1853:
Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
|
| 19 | 1854 | - 1854—1854:
SA - Orange Free State Republic proclaimed
- 1854—1854:
SA - Dutch Reformed Church parishes established in Montagu and Queenstown. First Cape Colony Parliament. Boers defeat Ndebele at Makapansgat.
- 1854—1854:
SA - Crimean War
- 1854—1854:
Cigarettes introduced into Britain
- 27 Mar 1854—27 Mar 1854:
Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
- 25 Oct 1854—25 Oct 1854:
Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
|
| 20 | 1855 | - 1855—1855:
SA - Pretoria founded. 20 Irish miners arrive to work in the Namaqualand copper mines.
|
| 21 | 1856 | - 1856—1856:
SA - The Anglican St. Paul's Church in Port Elizabeth founded. Approximately 3000 Crimean War veterans (German Legionaires) settled in Kaffraria, later joined by 2700 German civilians. Dutch Reformed Church parish founded in Murraysburg.
- 1856—1856:
SA - Natal becomes a seperate colony.
- 1856—1857:
SA - Self-destruction of Xhosa tribe by cattle-killing.
- 1856—1862:
SA - Approximately 700 juveniles arrive from Holland.
- 1856—1856:
End of Crimean War
- 29 Jan 1856—29 Jan 1856:
Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts
during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
|
| 22 | 1857 | - 1857—1857:
SA - Moffat completes Old Testament Bible translation into Setswana
- 1857—1857:
SA - Xhosa enter Karoo following Eastern Cape Cattle Killing.
- 1857—1857:
SA - Approximately 157 Irish girls arrive on the ship Lady Kennaway, settle in British Kaffraria. First Legislative Council in Natal. First mail contract with Union Steamship Company for regular mail service between Britain and South Africa.
- 1857—1862:
SA - Assisted immigration schemes bring about 12 000 settlers.
- 1857—1857:
Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
|
| 23 | 1858 | - 1858—1858:
SA - Circa 1858, Jewish congregation founded in Port Elizabeth. The Anglican Holy Trinity Church built in Port Elizabeth. War between Orange Free State and Basuto tribe.
- 1858—1858:
'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work
- 1858—1858:
Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
|
| 24 | 1859 | - 1859—1859:
SA - Dopper Church leaves the Dutch Reformed Church. First railway in the Cape Colony commenced.
- 1859—1859:
Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
- 25 Apr 1859—25 Apr 1859:
Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
- 4 May 1859—4 May 1859:
Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon
and Cornwall
- 24 Nov 1859—24 Nov 1859:
Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
|
| 25 | 1860 | - 1860—1860:
SA - Boer republics north of Vaal unite as South African Republic
- 1860—1860:
SA - Indians arrive in Natal to work on sugar cane farms as indentured labourers. Between 1860-1911 about 152 000 Indians arrive and about 50% stay.
- 1860—1860:
SA - First telegraph service in South Africa, between Cape Town and Simonstown.
- 1860—1860:
SA - Start of penny post in Cape Town. Work began on Table Bay Docks. The Catholic St. Augustine's Church established in Port Elizabeth.Circa 1860, the first Baptist Church started in Port Elizabeth.
- 26 Jun 1860—1860:
SA - First railway in South Africa, between Market Square and Point, Durban, opens.
- 29 Aug 1860—29 Aug 1860:
First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
|
| 26 | 1861 | - 1861—1862:
SA - Griqua trek under Adam Kok III from Philippolis to Nomansland
- 1861—1861:
SA - American Civil War
- 25 May 1861—25 May 1861:
American Civil War begins
|
| 27 | 1862 | - 1862—1862:
Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
- 20 Apr 1862—20 Apr 1862:
First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
|
| 28 | 1863 | - 1863—1863:
SA - The Hill Presbyterian Church started in Port Elizabeth.
- 1863—1863:
SA - North End Cemetery started in Port Elizabeth.
- 1863—1863:
Football Association founded (UK)
- 1863—1863:
Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
- 10 Jan 1863—10 Jan 1863:
First section of the London Underground Railway opens
|
| 29 | 1864 | - 1864—1864:
SA - St. George's Cemetery established in Port Elizabeth.
- 1864—1864:
A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship
- 11 Mar 1864—11 Mar 1864:
The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time
- 20 Aug 1864—20 Aug 1864:
Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention
- 8 Dec 1864—8 Dec 1864:
Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
|
| 30 | 1865 | - 1865—1866:
SA - Albania Settlement Scheme
- 1865—1865:
SA - Ostriches first domesticated.
- 1865—1866:
SA - Economic depression throughout South Africa. War between Orange Free State and Basutos.
- 1865—1865:
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
- 1865—1865:
First concrete roads built in Britain
- 14 Apr 1865—14 Apr 1865:
End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA
- 14 Apr 1865—14 Apr 1865:
Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
- 5 Jul 1865—5 Jul 1865:
William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
|
| 31 | 1866 | - 1866—1866:
SA - India officially stops sending Indian labourers to Natal.
|
| 32 | 1867 | - Apr 1867—1867:
SA - 21.25 carat diamond found near Hopetown.
- 1 Jul 1867—1 Jul 1867:
The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
|
| 33 | 1868 | - 1868—1869:
SA - Korana War along Orange River
- 1868—1868:
Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
|
| 34 | 1869 | - 1869—1869:
SA - Railway from Port Nolloth to O'Kiep
- 1869—1869:
SA - Star of South Africa diamond discovered. Gold and diamond rush starts.
- 1869—1869:
Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented
- 23 Nov 1869—23 Nov 1869:
Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
|
| 35 | 1870 | - 1870—1870:
SA - Galeshewe of Tlhaping born
- 1870—1884:
SA - |Xam prisoners at Cape Town interviewed by Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd
- 1870—1871:
SA - The Anglican St. Peter's Church started in Port Elizabeth.
- 1870—1870:
SA - Opening of Cape Town Docks.
- 1870—1870:
GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)
- 1870—1870:
Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
- 1870—1870:
Water closets come into wide use
- 1870—1870:
Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
- 1 Oct 1870—1 Oct 1870:
First British postcard - halfpenny post
|
| 36 | 1871 | - 1871—1871:
SA - Diamonds found at New Rush; renamed Kimberley; 1873. Griqua claim to Diamond Fields recognised and Waterboer seeks British protection. Diamond mining stimulates migrant labour on unprecedented scale. Two thirds of black workforce comes from Limpopo valley
- 1871—1871:
SA - Gold discovered in Eastern Transvaal. Britain annexes the diamond fields of Kimberley and Griqua West. First mail from Cape Town to the diamond fields.
- 27 Mar 1871—27 Mar 1871:
First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
- 29 Mar 1871—29 Mar 1871:
Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London
- 29 Jun 1871—29 Jun 1871:
Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
|
| 37 | 1872 | - 1872—1872:
Licensing hours introduced
- 1872—1872:
Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)
- 4 Dec 1872—4 Dec 1872:
American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
|
| 38 | 1873 | - 1873—1873:
SA - Griqualand West proclaimed Crown Colony
- 1873—1873:
SA - Griqualand West established as a British colony. Gold discovered in Lydenburg district of Transvaal.
- 1873—1875:
SA - Approximately 3300 men, women and children arrive as agricultural settlers or labourers for public works.
|
| 39 | 1874 | - 1874—1874:
SA - College founded at Stellenbosch (later Victoria College, today University of Stellenbosch). Railway line opened from Port Elizabeth to Uitenhage.
- 1874—1874:
Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
- 5 Apr 1874—5 Apr 1874:
Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
|
| 40 | 1875 | - 1875—1875:
SA - Black Flag Rebellion by white diggers at Kimberley
- 1875—1875:
SA - Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners (Association for True Afrikaners) formed
- 1875—1875:
London's main sewage system completed
- 1 Jan 1875—1 Jan 1875:
Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
|
| 41 | 1876 | - 1876—1876:
SA - Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje born
- 14 Feb 1876—14 Feb 1876:
Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
|
| 42 | 1877 | - 1877—1877:
SA - Native Locations for Tswana established in Griqualand West
- 1877—1877:
SA - Britain annexes the Transvaal Republic. Ninth Frontier War.
- 1877—1877:
Edison invents microphone and phonograph
|
| 43 | 1878 | - 1878—1879:
SA - Griqualand West Rebellion and Korana War coincide with similar conflicts elsewhere in South Africa.
- 1878—1879:
SA - Griqualand West and Tswana Rebellion
- 1878—1878:
SA - Koegas atrocities
- 1878—1878:
SA - Walvis Bay proclaimed British territory. Telegraph service between Natal and Transvaal.
- 1878—1878:
Edison & Swan invent electric lamp
- 1878—1878:
Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph
- 1878—1878:
CID established at New Scotland Yard
|
| 44 | 1879 | - 1 Sep 1879—1879:
SA - Zulu War starts, battles at Isandhlwana, Rorke's Drift and Ulundi.
- 18 Sep 1879—18 Sep 1879:
Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
|
| 45 | 1880 | - 1880—1880:
SA - Griqualand West annexed to Cape Colony
- 1880—1880:
SA - First Legislative Council in Transvaal. Formation of De Beers Company. Formation of the Afrikander Bond.
- 1880—1881:
SA - First Anglo-Boer War, Boers defeat Britain.
- 1880—1880:
Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds
- 1880—1880:
Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria
- 2 Aug 1880—2 Aug 1880:
Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
|
| 46 | 1881 | - 1881—1881:
SA - Jantje Mothibi of Tlhaping dies
- 1881—1882:
SA - Tswana-Kora wars with white mercenary involvement
- 1881—1881:
SA - Battle of Laing's Nek, 28 January. Battle of Majuba, 27 February. Britain recognises South African Republic (ZAR).
- 1881—1881:
Postal Orders introduced
- 1881—1881:
Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
- Sep 1881—Sep 1881:
Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity
supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)
- 26 Oct 1881—26 Oct 1881:
Gunfight at OK Corral
|
| 47 | 1882 | - 1882—1882:
SA - Abraham September (freed slave) begins Orange River irrigation
- 1882—1882:
SA - Approximately 4645 settlers arrive. South End Cemetery in Port Elizabeth started. Use of Dutch recognised in Cape Parliament.
- 1882—1882:
Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
- 29 Aug 1882—1882:
SA - 229 Norwegians arrive aboard the "Lapland" and settle at the mouth of the Umzimkulu river (Port Shepstone), Natal.
|
| 48 | 1883 | - 1883—1890:
SA - Germans occupy South West Africa and German East Africa
- 1883—1883:
SA - Revd Gwayi Tyamzashe; last black man to hold a claim in Kimberley mines; loses his claim
- 1883—1883:
Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France
- 24 May 1883—24 May 1883:
Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)
- 1 Aug 1883—1 Aug 1883:
Parcel post starts in Britain
- 27 Aug 1883—27 Aug 1883:
Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
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1837 - 1883 (45 years)
