See also
| Husband: | James Stuart - King James II (1633-1701) | |
| Wife: | Anne Hyde (1637-1671) | |
| Children: | Mary Stuart Queen Mary II (1662-1694) | |
| Anne Gloria Stuart - Queen Anne of Great Britain (1665-1714) | ||
| Edgar Stuart - Duke of Cambridge ( - ) | ||
| Marriage | 1660 | |
| Name: | James Stuart - King James II | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| Father: | Charles Stuart - King Charles I (1600-1649) | |
| Mother: | Henrietta Maria of France ( - ) | |
| Note: | James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701)[2] was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII,[3] from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The second surviving son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's political and religious elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, the tension exploded, and leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew William of Orange, to land an invasion army from the Netherlands, which he did in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated).[4] He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter, Mary and her husband William of Orange. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary when he landed in Ireland in 1689, but after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV. James is best known for his struggles with the English Parliament and his attempts to create religious liberty for English Roman Catholics and Protestant nonconformists, against the wishes of the Anglican establishment. However he also continued the persecution of the Presbyterian Covenanters in Scotland. Parliament, opposed to the growth of absolutism that was occurring in other European countries, as well as to the loss of legal supremacy of the Church of England, saw their opposition as a way to preserve what they regarded as traditional English liberties. This tension made James's four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the English Parliament and the Crown, resulting in his deposition, the passage of the Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England |
|
| Birth | 14 Oct 16331 | |
| Title | King James II | |
| Death | 6 Sep 1701 (age 67)1 | |
Anne Hyde
| Name: | Anne Hyde | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Father: | - | |
| Mother: | - | |
| Note: | Anne Hyde (12 March 1637 – 31 March 1671)[a] was Duchess of York and of Albany as the first wife of the future King James II of England. Originally Anglican, her father was a lawyer. Anne married James in 1660 after she became pregnant by him, but James is said to have promised to marry her in 1659. The two first met in the Netherlands while Anne was living in the household of James' sister Mary. James and Anne had eight children, but six died in early childhood.[2] The two who survived to adulthood were Lady Mary, who succeeded her father after his deposition during the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and Lady Anne, who succeeded her brother-in-law and became the first monarch of Great Britain. Born the daughter of a commoner – Edward Hyde (later created Earl of Clarendon), Anne is best known for her marriage to James, which caused much gossip. Two months after the marriage, Anne gave birth to the couple's first child, who had obviously been conceived out of wedlock. Until near the end of Anne's life, some observers disapproved of James' decision to marry Anne; but not King Charles II, James' brother, who wanted the marriage to take place. Another cause of disapproval was the public affection James showed towards Anne, such as kissing and leaning against each other, which was considered improper behaviour during the 1600s. James was a known philanderer who kept many mistresses, for which Anne often reproached him, once even complaining to the king, who sent one of James' mistresses to the countryside where she remained until her death. Nonetheless, James fathered many illegitimate children. Anne was the reason her husband converted to Catholicism, having both been exposed to Catholicism during visits to the Netherlands and France. Anne was so strongly attracted to this religion that she converted quickly after her marriage. Years later, James followed suit, which was a contributing factor to the Glorious Revolution. Anne suffered from advanced breast cancer and died shortly after giving birth to her last child. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hyde |
|
| Birth | 12 Mar 1637 | Windsor, Berkshire, England |
| Death | 31 Mar 1671 (age 34) | London, England |
| Burial | Westminster Abbey, London, England | |
Mary Stuart Queen Mary II
Mary Stuart Queen Mary II
Spouse: William of Orange, King William III
| Name: | Mary Stuart Queen Mary II | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Spouse: | William of Orange, King William III ( - ) | |
| Note: | Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was joint Sovereign of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband (who was also her first cousin), William III and II, from 1689 until her death. William and Mary, both Protestants, became king and queen regnant, respectively, following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII and recognition of a constitutionalized English Bill of Rights. William became sole ruler upon her death in 1694. Popular histories usually refer to their joint reign as that of "William and Mary". Mary wielded less power than William when he was in England, ceding most of her authority to him, though he heavily relied on her. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler.2 |
|
| Birth | 30 Apr 1662 | St James' Palace, London2 |
| Title | Queen Mary II | |
| Death | 28 Dec 1694 (age 32) | Kensington Palace, London2 |
| Burial | 5 Mar 1695 | Westminster Abbey, London, England2 |
Anne Gloria Stuart - Queen Anne of Great Britain
| Name: | Anne Gloria Stuart - Queen Anne of Great Britain | |
| Sex: | Female | |
| Spouse: | George - Prince of Denmark ( - ) | |
| Note: | Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714)[n 1] became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death. Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II, who had no legitimate children. Her father, James, was first in line to the throne. His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England, and on Charles's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican. Three years after he succeeded Charles, James was deposed in the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688. Anne's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife, Anne's elder sister Mary II. Although the sisters had been close, disagreements over Anne's finances, status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary's accession and they became estranged. William and Mary had no children. After Mary's death in 1694, William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702. As queen, Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians, who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents, the Whigs. The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office. Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, turned sour as the result of political differences. Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life. From her thirties onwards, she grew increasingly lame and obese. Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband, Prince George of Denmark, she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart. Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701, she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover, who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother, Elizabeth, a daughter of James VI and I. She had 17 pregnancies of which 12 ended in miscarriages or stillborns. The other 5 all died young. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain |
|
| Birth | 6 Feb 1665 | |
| Title | Queen Anne of Great Britain | |
| Death | 1 Aug 1714 (age 49) | |
| Name: | Edgar Stuart - Duke of Cambridge | |
| Sex: | Male | |
| 1 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England. |
| 2 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_II_of_England. |