1. Robert de Bourchier [383] was born circa 1252. He married Emma [384].
1st of the ESSEX Line.
Emma [384] and Robert de Bourchier had the following children:
| +2 |
2. John de Bourchier [380], son of Robert de Bourchier [383] and Emma [384], was born circa 1278. He died circa 1330. He married Helen Colchester [381].
Helen Colchester1 [381] and John de Bourchier had the following children:
| +3 | |
| +4 |
Robert Bourchier - 1st Baron Bourchier, BourchierArms
3. Robert Bourchier - 1st Baron Bourchier [377], son of John de Bourchier [380] and Helen Colchester [381], was born circa 1306.1 He had 2 children. He had the title '1st Baron Bourchier' in 1348. His occupation was recorded as a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He died in 1349.2 He married Margaret Prayers [378].
Robert Bourchier (or Boussier), 1st Baron Bourchier (died 1349) was Lord Chancellor of England, the first layman to hold the post.
Family
Robert Bourchier was the eldest son of John de Bourchier (d.circa 1330) (alias Boucher, Boussier, etc.), a Judge of the Common Pleas, by his wife Helen of Colchester, daughter and heir of Walter of Colchester of Stanstead Hall, in Halstead, Essex. The Bourchier family seat became the estate of Stanstead (not to be confused with nearby Stansted Mountfitchet) in the parish of Halstead, Essex, in which county the family later acquired several estates.
Life
Robert initially followed his father in working for the de Vere family, Earls of Oxford, but later worked for the crown. He served on a diplomatic mission to France in 1327 and was returned as a member of parliament for the county of Essex in 1328-9, 1330 (twice), 1332 (once), and 1339 (both). He held a number of judicial positions, despite no evidence for legal training, and in 1334 he was chief justice of the king's bench in Ireland, but never took up office. His military career was more active, joining the invasion of Scotland in 1335, was stated to have been present at the Battle of Cadsand in 1337 (although this is regarded by some as a translation error by his descendent John Bouchier) and travelled with Earl of Northampton on Edward III's expedition to Flanders in 1338. On 3 June 1341 he received, in the name of Robertus Bourghchier, Stanstede, a royal licence to crenellate his house at Stanstead in the parish of Halstead in Essex.
On his return to England, the king Edward III committed the great seal, which had been alternating between Archbishop John de Stratford and his brother Robert de Stratford, the Bishop of Chichester, to Bourchier, who thus became, on 14 December 1340, the first lay chancellor. His salary was fixed at £100, besides the usual fees. In the struggle between the king and the archbishop, Bourchier withheld the writ of summons to the ex-chancellor, interrupted his address to the bishops in the Painted Chamber, and on 27 April 1341 urged him to submit to the king. When the parliament of 1341 extorted from the king his assent to their petitions that the account of the royal officers should be audited, and that the chancellor and other great officers should be nominated in parliament, and should swear to obey the laws, Bourchier declared that he had not assented to these articles, and would not be bound by them, as they were contrary to his oath and to the laws of the realm. He nevertheless exemplified the statute, and delivered it to parliament. He resigned his office on 29 October 1341. Robert continues to serve in the King's Council, as a diplomat and as a soldier. In 1342, he commanded a contingent in Brittany, and is recorded as being at the Battle of Crécy in 1346.
He was summoned to parliament as a peer in November 1348 and from then was known as Lord Bouchier. He died the following year, probably of the Black Death and was buried at Halstead, where he had intended to found a college of eight chaplains.
Marriage and Issue
At some time before 1329 he married Margaret Prayers, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Prayers of Sible Hedingham and his wife Anne of Essex, daughter of Hugh of Essex. They had two known children:
i. John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Bourchier (1329–1400), eldest son and heir.
ii. William Bourchier (d. 1375), who married Eleanor de Louvaine (d. 1397), daughter and heiress of Sir John de Louvaine (alias Lovayne, etc.)[5] feudal baron of Little Easton in Essex.[6] Their son was William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (1386–1420). The eldest grandson of William Bourchier (d. 1375) was Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404–1483) who inherited the Barony of Bourchier from the senior line of the family, being the heir of his cousin Elizabeth Bourchier (d. 1433), suo jure 4th Baroness Bourchier.
Margaret Prayers1 [378] was the daughter of Thomas Prayers of Sible Hedingham ( - ) [1074] and Anne of Essex ( - ) [1075]. She and Robert Bourchier - 1st Baron Bourchier had the following children:
| +5 | |
| +6 |
4. John Bourchier1 [382] was the son of John de Bourchier [380] and Helen Colchester [381].
John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Bourchier, BourchierArms
5. John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Bourchier1 [379], son of Robert Bourchier - 1st Baron Bourchier [377] and Margaret Prayers [378], was born in 1329.3 He had the title '2nd Baron Bourchier'. He married Maud Coggeshall [1076] before 1374. He died on 21 May 1400.3
Maud Coggeshall [1076] was the daughter of Sir John Coggeshall ( - ) [1078]. She and John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Bourchier had the following children:
| +7 | Bartholomew Bourchier - 3rd Baron Bourchier (1374-1409) [375] |
William Bourchier, BourchierArms
6. William Bourchier1 [371], son of Robert Bourchier - 1st Baron Bourchier [377] and Margaret Prayers [378], died in 1375.3 He married Eleanor de Louvaine [372].
William Bourchier (d. 1375), who married Eleanor de Louvaine (d. 1397), daughter and heiress of Sir John de Louvaine (alias Lovayne, etc.) feudal baron of Little Easton in Essex. Their son was William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (1386–1420). The eldest grandson of William Bourchier (d. 1375) was Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404–1483) who inherited the Barony of Bourchier from the senior line of the family, being the heir of his cousin Elizabeth Bourchier (d. 1433), suo jure 4th Baroness Bourchier.
Eleanor de Louvaine [372] was born on 27 March 1345.4 She died on 5 October 1397.3,4 She and William Bourchier had the following children:
| +8 | |
| +9 |
Bartholomew Bourchier - 3rd Baron Bourchier, BourchierArms
7. Bartholomew Bourchier - 3rd Baron Bourchier1 [375], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Bourchier [379] and Maud Coggeshall [1076], was born in 1374.3 He had the title '3rd Baron Bourchier'. He died on 18 May 1409.1,3 He married Margaret widow of Sir John Sutton [1079]. He married Idoine Lovet widow of John Glevant [1080].
Bartholomew Bourchier, 3rd Baron Bourchier (died 18 May 1409), was a member of Parliament.
Family
Bartholomew was the only known child of John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Bourchier, and his wife Maud Coggeshall. He inherited the title in 1400.
Life
He was summoned to Parliament the first time 9 September 1400, the year of his father's death. He continued to be summoned until 1409, but obtained an exemption from attended in 1405. There are no records of military service, unlike his father and grandfather. He died on 18 May 1409 and was buried on family estates, in Halstead, Essex.
Marriage and Issue
He married twice. First to Margaret, the widow of Sir John Sutton but had no issue. Following her death, he married Idoine (d. 12 September 1410), widow of John Glevant. They had one known child:
Elizabeth Bourchier, 4th Baroness Bourchier (c. 1399 – 1433), whose heir was her second cousin Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404-1483), KG, created Viscount Bourchier in 1446 and Earl of Essex in 1461.
no issue.
Idoine Lovet widow of John Glevant [1080] died on 12 September 1410. She and Bartholomew Bourchier - 3rd Baron Bourchier had the following children:
| +10 | Elizabeth Bourchier - 4th Baroness Bourchier (1399-1433) [1081] |
William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu, BourchierArms
William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu, Lovain from Arms
William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu, BourchierImpaling_ThomasOfWoodstock_TawstockChurch
8. William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu [337], son of William Bourchier [371] and Eleanor de Louvaine [372], was born in 1374. He married Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu [338] on 20 November 1405 in Little Eaton, St Alkmund, Essex, England. He had the title '1st Count of Eu' in 1419.1 He died on 28 May 1420 in Troyes, France. He was buried in Llanthony Priory, Gloucestershire, England.
William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (1374-28 May 1420), was an English knight created by King Henry V 1st Count of Eu, in Normandy.
Origins
He was born in 1374, the son of Sir William Bourchier (d.1375), (the younger son of Robert Bourchier, 1st Baron Bourchier (d.1349), of Halstead, Essex, Lord Chancellor) by his wife Eleanor de Louvain (27 March 1345 – 5 October 1397), daughter and heiress of Sir John de Louvain (d.1347) (alias Lovayne etc.), feudal baron of Little Easton in Essex. The arms of Louvain were: Gules billety or a fess of the last, often shown with varying number of billets and on occasion with a fess argent, for example in stained glass at Hengrave Hall, Suffolk: Gules, a fess argent, between fourteen billets or. Eleanor was descended from Godfrey de Louvain (d.1226), feudal baron of Little Easton, son of Godfrey III, Count of Louvain (1142-1190), by his 2nd marriage, and half-brother of Henry I, Duke of Brabant (1165-1235). His inheritance from his mother's Louvain lands included the Suffolk manors of Bildeston, Hopton, Shelland and "Lovaynes" in Drinkstone, and in Essex Little Easton, Broxted and Aythorpe Roding.
Career
He fought at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. In 1417 he was in the retinue of King Henry V during his second expedition to France, and played a significant role in the capture of Normandy. In 1419 he was appointed Captain of Dieppe and was granted powers to receive the submission of the town and Comté of Eu. The French count of Eu had refused to pay homage to the conquering English king and thus had been held prisoner in England since Agincourt. In June 1419 King Henry V awarded six captured French comtés to certain of his more significant English supporters, and the Comté of Eu was granted to William Bourchier, thus making him 1st Count of Eu.
Marriage & progeny
He married Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford, the daughter of the Plantagenet prince, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355-1397) (youngest son of King Edward III) by his wife Eleanor de Bohun elder daughter and coheiress of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341-1373), Earl of Essex and Northampton. The Wrey baronets who were the heirs of the Bourchier Earls of Bath quartered the arms of Wrey with those of Bourchier, the Royal Arms of England and Bohun. They had the following progeny:
Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404 – 4 April 1483), eldest son
Sir William Bourchier (1407-1470), jure uxoris 9th Baron FitzWarin, 2nd son.
John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners (1415 – 16 May 1474), 3rd son
Thomas Bourchier, (ca. 1404 – 30 March 1486), Archbishop of Canterbury and a cardinal, 4th son
Eleanor Bourchier, (ca. 1417 – November, 1474), wife of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Death & burial
He died at Troyes, France on 28 May 1420 and was buried at Llanthony Priory, Gloucestershire
all of the above from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bourchier,_1st_Count_of_Eu.
Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu of Gloucester5 [338], daughter of Thomas Plantagenet - 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355-1397) [448] and Eleanor de Bohun of Gloucester (1366-1399) [449], was born in April 1383 in Pheshy, Essex, England. She had the title 'of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu'.1 She married Thomas Stafford in 1392.5 She died on 16 October 1438 in Priory, Llanthony, Gloucestershire, England.
from http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-114:
Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford (30 April 1383 – 16 October 1438) was the eldest daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, and Eleanor de Bohun.
Anne was born on 30 April 1383, and was baptised at Pleshey, Essex sometime before 6 May. Her uncle, John of Gaunt, ordered several payments to be made in regards to the event. Her father was the youngest son of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Her mother was Eleanor de Bohun, the daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, and Joan Fitzalan. Her mother was also a great-great-granddaughter of Edward I.
Marriage with Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford
Anne married three times. Her first marriage was to Thomas Stafford, 3rd.Earl of Stafford (1368 - 4 July 1392), and took place around 1390. The couple had no children, and after his death Anne married his younger brother Edmund.
Marriage with Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford
On 28 June 1398, Anne married Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford (2 March 1378 – 21 July 1403), and had children:
Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, who married Anne, daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. Joan was a daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, later third wife, Katherine Swynford
Anne Stafford, Countess of March, who married Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March. Edmund was a great-grandson of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence. Edmund and Anne had no children. She married, secondly, John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter (d. 1447), and had one son: Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter (d. 1475), and a daughter Anne, who married John Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby
Philippa Stafford, died young
Marriage with William Bourchier, Count of Eu
In about 1405 Anne married William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (d. 1420), son of Sir William Bourchier and Eleanor of Louvain, by whom she had the following children:
Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex. He married Isabel, daughter of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, and Anne de Mortimer. Isabel was also an older sister of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
Eleanor Bourchier, Duchess of Norfolk, married John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
William Bourchier, 1st Baron FitzWaryn
Cardinal Thomas Bourchier
John Bourchier, Baron Berners. John was the grandfather of John, Lord Berners, the translator of Froissart
Anne died on 16 Oct 1438 and was buried at Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire.
Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu and William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu had the following children:
| +11 | |
| +12 | |
| +13 | |
| +14 | Thomas Bourchier - Cardinal of Canterbury Cathedral (1413-1486) [342] |
| +15 |
9. John Bourchier [373], son of William Bourchier [371] and Eleanor de Louvaine [372], was born circa 1379.1 He died on 21 May 1400.1 He married Elizabeth Coggeshall [374].
Knight of the Garter. Fought at Poitiers and served with the Black Prince in Gascony; also with Thomas of Woodstock in France. Governor of Flanders.
Elizabeth Bourchier - 4th Baroness Bourchier, BourchierArms
10. Elizabeth Bourchier - 4th Baroness Bourchier [1081], daughter of Bartholomew Bourchier - 3rd Baron Bourchier [375] and Idoine Lovet widow of John Glevant [1080], was born in 1399.3 She had the title '4th Baroness Bourchier'. She died in 1433.3
Her heir was her second cousin Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404-1483), KG, created Viscount Bourchier in 1446 and Earl of Essex in 1461.
Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, BourchierArms
Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Henry_Bourchier,_5th_Baron_Bourchier,_KG
Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, GarterPlateHenryBourchier_1stEarlOfEssex
11. Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex1 [339], son of William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu [337] and Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu of Gloucester [338], was born in 1406.1 He married Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344] before 25 April 1426. He had the title '5th Baron Bourchier' in 1433. He inherited the title of 5th Baron Bourchier from his cousin Elizabeth Bourchier, 4th Baroness Bourchier on her death in 1433. Henry had the title '1st Viscount Bourchier' in 1446.1 He had the title 'Knight of the Garter' in 1452.1 He had the title '1st Earl of Essex' in 1461.1 He died on 4 April 1483.1,6 He was buried in Little Easton Church, Essex, England.
Henry Bourchier, 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, KG (c. 1404/c. 1406 – 4 April 1483), was the eldest son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu and Anne of Gloucester. On his mother's side, he was a great-grandson of Edward III of England.
Titles
He inherited the title of 5th Baron Bourchier from his cousin Elizabeth Bourchier, 4th Baroness Bourchier on her death in 1433. He became the 1st Viscount Bourchier in 1446, a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1452, and was created 1st Earl of Essex in 1461.
Career
He saw considerable military action in France and for his services was created Viscount Bourchier during the parliament of 1445–6 and elected Knight of the Garter on his third nomination in 1452. He later saw action in 1461 as a Yorkist supporter at the Second Battle of St Albans and the Battle of Towton, soon after which Edward IV created him Earl of Essex.
He held the post of Lord High Treasurer from 29 May 1455 - 5 October 1456, 28 July 1460 - 14 April 1462, and 22 April 1471 - 4 April 1483. He also became Justice in Eyre south of the Trent in 1461, holding that title until his death.
He died on 4 April 1483 and was buried at Beeleigh Abbey, although his tomb was subsequently moved to Little Easton church.
Marriage and issue
Prior to 1426, he married Isabel of Cambridge, another descendant of Edward III. She was the elder sister of Richard Plantagenet, which made her the aunt of Richard's two sons, the future Edward IV and Richard III.
Henry and Isabel were parents to at least eleven children.
William Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier (d. 1480). Married Anne Woodville, daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. They were parents of Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex and Cicely Bourchier, wife of John Devereux, 8th Baron Ferrers of Chartley.[3]
Henry Bourchier (d. 1462). Married Elizabeth de Scales, Baroness Scales. No known children.[3]
Humphrey Bourchier, 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell (d. 14 April 1471). Killed in the Battle of Barnet.[3]
John Bourchier (d. 1495). Married first Elizabeth Ferrers and secondly Elizabeth Chichele. No known children.[3]
Edward Bourchier (d. 30 December 1460). Killed in the Battle of Wakefield.[3]
Thomas Bourchier (d. 1492). Married Isabella Barre. No known children.[3]
Florence Bourchier (d. 1525).[3]
Fulk Bourchier. Considered to have died young.[3]
Hugh Bourchier. Considered to have died young.[3]
Isabella Bourchier. Considered to have died young.[3]
Laura Bourchier (1440- ) married John Courtenay (killed at Tewkesbury, 1471)
On his death she did not remarry and died more than a year later.
Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], daughter of Richard Plantagenet - 3rd Earl of Cambridge (1375-1415) [1126] and Anne Mortimer ( -1411) [1127], was born in 1409.7 She had the title 'Countess of Essex'.1 She died on 2 October 1484.7 She was buried in Little Easton Church.7
Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex (1409 – 2 October 1484) was the only daughter of Richard, 3rd Earl of Cambridge and Anne Mortimer. She was the sister of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and like him a great-grandchild of Edward III of England.
Early life
Isabel of York, the only daughter of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, and Lady Anne de Mortimer, was born about 1409.[1] On her father's side she was the granddaughter of King Edward III's fourth surviving son, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and his first wife, Isabella of Castile. On her mother's side she was the granddaughter of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (grandson of Lionel of Antwerp) and Lady Alianore Holland (granddaughter of Lady Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales).
Isabel's father, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, was beheaded on 5 August 1415 for his part in the Southampton Plot against King Henry V, and although the Earl's title was forfeited, he was not attainted,[2] and Isabel's brother, Richard, then aged four, was his father's heir.[3] Moreover within a few months of his father's death, Richard's childless uncle, Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, was slain at the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415, and Isabel's brother was eventually his uncle's heir as well.
Marriages and issue
In 1412, at three years of age, Isabel was betrothed to Sir Thomas Grey (1404 – d. before 1426), son and heir of Sir Thomas Grey (c.1385-1415) of Heaton in Norham, Northumberland, and his wife, Alice Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland. They had one son.[4]
She married secondly, before 25 April 1426, the marriage being later validated by papal dispensation, Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, by whom she had seven sons and one daughter, Isabel.[5]
William Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier (d. 1480), who married Anne Woodville, daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, parents of Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex and Cecily Bourchier, wife of John Devereux, 8th Baron Ferrers of Chartley;
Sir Henry Bourchier (d. 1462), who married Elizabeth Scales, 8th Baroness Scales.
Humphrey Bourchier, 1st Baron Cromwell (d. 14 April 1471), slain at the Battle of Barnet.
John Bourchier, 6th Baron Ferrers of Groby (d.1495), who married firstly Elizabeth Ferrers, and secondly Elizabeth Chichelle.
Sir Thomas Bourchier (b. prior to 1448 d. 1492), who married Isabella Barre.
Edward Bourchier (d. 30 December 1460), slain at the Battle of Wakefield.
Fulk Bourchier, died young.
Isabel Bourchier, died young.[6]
Death
Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, died on 4 April 1483. Isabel remained a widow and died on 2 October 1484.[7] A manuscript calendar records her death on VI Non Oct in 1484. Both were buried at Beeleigh Abbey near Maldon, Essex, but later reburied at Little Easton, Essex.[8]
Footnotes[edit]
1. Richardson IV 2011, pp. 400–404.
2. Cokayne states that he was attainted.
3. Harriss 2004.
4. Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999 Page: 15, 1222
5. Richardson IV 2011, pp. 401–3.
6. Weir states that there were three additional children, Laura Bourchier (b.1440), who married John Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon; Florence Bourchier (d. 1525); and Hugh Bourchier, died young.
7. Richardson IV 2011, pp. 401–3.
8. Richardson IV 2011, pp. 401–3.
Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge and Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex had the following children:
| +16 | |
| +17 | |
| +18 | |
| +19 | |
| +20 | Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell ( -1471) [349] |
| +21 | |
| +22 | |
| +23 | |
| +24 | |
| +25 | |
| +26 |
12. William Bourchier - 1st Baron Fitzwaryn1 [341], son of William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu [337] and Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu of Gloucester [338], was born in 1407. He had the title '1st Baron Fitzwaryn'.1 He died in 1474. He married Thomazine Hankeford [368]. He married Catherine de Affeton [1162].
William Bourchier (1407-1470) jure uxoris 1st Baron FitzWarin, was an English nobleman. He was summoned to Parliament in 1448[1] as Baron FitzWarin in right of his wife Thomasine Hankford.
Origins
He was the 2nd son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (c.1374-1420) by his wife Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford, the daughter of the Plantagenet prince, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (13th and youngest child of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault) by his wife Eleanor de Bohun elder daughter and coheiress of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341-1373), Earl of Essex and Northampton. He had the following siblings:
Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1404 – 4 April 1483), eldest brother
John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners (1415 – 16 May 1474), younger brother
Thomas Bourchier, (ca. 1404 – 30 March 1486), Archbishop of Canterbury and a cardinal, youngest brother
Eleanor Bourchier, (ca. 1417 – November, 1474), wife of John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, sister
Marriages & progeny
William Bourchier married twice:
Firstly to Thomasine Hankford, one of the three daughters and co-heiresses, by his 1st marriage, of Sir Richard II Hankford (c.1397-1431) of Annery in Devon, grandson of Sir William Hankford (died 1422), KB, Lord Chief Justice of England. Thomasine's mother (Sir Richard's 1st wife) was Elizabeth FitzWarin, 8th Baroness FitzWarin (c. 1404 – c. 1427), sister and heiress of Fulk FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin (1406–1420), feudal baron of Bampton, in Devon. Upon the death of Elizabeth FitzWarin in 1427 the barony of FitzWarin went into abeyance between her daughters Thomasine Hankford and Elizabeth Hankford (died 1433). On the death of Elizabeth Hankford in 1433, the barony of FitzWarin was inherited by her sister Thomasine Hankford, the wife of William Bourchier, who was summoned to Parliament as Lord FitzWarin in her right. Thomasine Hankford's father married secondly to Anne Montacute, daughter of John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (1350-1400) (or according to the Devon historian Tristram Risdon (d.1640), to Anne Nevill, daughter of Lord Nevill). By his 2nd wife Sir Richard II Hankford left a daughter Anne Hankford (c. 1431 – 1485), who married Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond (c.1426-1515). Anne Hankford and her husband inherited Annery, whilst Thomasine Hankford and her husband William Bourchier inherited Bampton. William Bourchier had by Thomasine Hankford progeny including:
Fulk Bourchier, 10th Baron FitzWarin (d.1480), son and heir. He requested in his will to be buried at Bampton. He married Elizabeth Dynham, one of the four sisters and co-heiresses of John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham (1433-1501), KG, of Nutwell, Devon. Elizabeth remarried to Sir John Sapcotes and a stained glass heraldic escutcheon survives in Bampton church showing the arms of Sapcotes impaling Dinham. Fulk's son and heir was John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath and 11th Baron FitzWarin (1470–1539), created in 1536 Earl of Bath. The Bourchiers later moved their seat from Bampton westwards to Tawstock in North Devon.
Blanche Bourchier (d.4 January 1483),[10] who married firstly Philip Beaumont (1432-1473), of Shirwell, Devon, MP in 1467 and Sheriff of Devon in 1469. The marriage was without progeny. Her stone effigy survives in Shirwell Church. Blanche survived her first husband and re-married secondly to Bartholomew St Ledger "of Kent", probably a relative or descendant of Sir John St Ledger (c.1404-1442) of Ulcombe, Kent, Sheriff of Kent in 1430, one of whose sons was Sir James St Ledger (c.1441-post 1509) of Annery in the parish of Monkleigh, North Devon, who married Anne Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, and was therefore an uncle to Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. Another son was Sir Thomas St Leger (c.1440-1483), the second husband of Anne of York (1439-1476), daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, thus an elder sister of Kings Edward IV (1461-1483) and Richard III (1483-1485). Sir Thomas St Ledger's grand-daughter Eleanor manners was the 2nd wife of John Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Bath and 12th Baron FitzWarin (d.1560), of Tawstock.
Secondly William Bourchier married Catherine de Affeton (d.1467), daughter and heiress of John de Affeton of Affeton, Devon, and widow of Hugh Stucley of Affeton, Sheriff of Devon in 1448.
Death & burial
Both William Bourchier and his wife Thomasine Hankford were buried in Bampton Church. Dugdale quoted the will of his son Fulk Bourchier who bequeathed his body to be buried in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin at Bampton, near the grave of his mother, Lady Thomasine, and he willed that marble stones with inscriptions should be placed on his own grave and that of his father, Lord William, and his mother, Lady Thomasine.
1st of the BATH line ?
Thomazine Hankeford [368] and William Bourchier - 1st Baron Fitzwaryn had the following children:
| +27 | |
| +28 |
Catherine de Affeton [1162] died in 1467.
John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners, Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_John_Bourchier,_1st_Baron_Berners,_KG
John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners, GarterPlateJohnBourchier1stBaronBerners
13. John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners1 [325], son of William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu [337] and Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu of Gloucester [338], was born circa 1415 in Little Eaton, Essex, England.1 He had the title '1st Baron Berners'. He died on 16 May 1474.1 He married Margery Berners - Baroness Berners [326].
1st of the BERNERS line
Knight of the Garter. Fought for Henry VI at the first battle of St. Albans. Afterwards changed sides.
"Sir John Bourchier, 1st Lord Berners was born circa 1415. He was the son of Sir William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu and Anne of Woodstock, Countess of Buckingham. He married Marjorie Berners, daughter of Sir Richard Berners and Philippe Dalyngridge, after 1441. He died on 16 May 1474. He was also reported to have died on 21 May 1474. He was buried at Chertsey Abbey, Surrey, England. His will was probated on 21 June 1474.
He was invested as a Knight on 19 May 1426 at Leicester, Leicestershire, England, by the Duke of Bedford. He was created 1st Lord Berners [England by writ] on 26 May 1455. He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) before 23 April 1459. He held the office of Constable of Windsor Castle between 17 December 1461 and 1474. His last will was dated 21 March 1473/74." http://www.thepeerage.com/p1754.htm
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Berners:
The title was created in 1455 for Sir John Bourchier, youngest son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu, and younger brother of Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex and William Bourcher, Baron FitzWarine (from whom the Earls of Bath descended). He was the husband of Margery Berners, daughter of Sir Richard Berners. The barony was created by writ, which means that it can descend through both male and female lines. Lord Berners was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baron. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1516 and 1527.
He died without male heirs and was succeeded by his daughter Jane Knyvett, the de jure third holder. However, she never assumed the title. Jane was the wife of Edmund Knyvett. Their grandson, the de jure fourth Baron, obtained a certificate of his right to the title but died before obtaining the King's confirmation. His great-great-grandson Thomas Knyvett, the de jure seventh Baron, sat as a Member of Parliament for Dunwich and Eyre. On his death in 1693 the peerage technically fell into abeyance between his two sisters, Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Glenham, and Katherine, wife firstly of John Harris and secondly of Richard Bokenham.
Margery Berners - Baroness Berners1 [326] (also known as Margaret Berners), daughter of Sir Richard Berners ( - ) [1071], had the title 'Baroness Berners'. She died in 1475. She and John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners had the following children:
| +29 | |
| +30 | Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell (aft1440-1471) [112] |
| +31 | Elizabeth Bourchier - Baroness Welles (c. 1446-aft1470) [328] |
| +32 |
Thomas Bourchier - Cardinal of Canterbury Cathedral, Cardinal_Thomas_Bourchier
Thomas Bourchier - Cardinal of Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury Cathedral Thomas Bourchier tomb
14. Cardinal Thomas Bourchier - Cardinal of Canterbury Cathedral1 [342], son of William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu [337] and Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu of Gloucester [338], was born in 1413. He had the title 'Cardinal at Canterbury Cathedral'. He died on 30 March 1486 in Knole House, near Sevenoaks, Kent, England. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England.
Thomas was a younger son of William Bourchier, Earl of Eu (d. 1420), and through his mother, Anne, a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, was a descendant of King Edward III of England. One of his brothers was Henry, Earl of Essex (d. 1483), and his grand-nephew was John, Lord Berners, the translator of Froissart. Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham was a half-brother.
Educated at the University of Oxford, he then entering the church and obtained rapid promotion. After holding some minor appointments he became Bishop of Worcester in 1434. In the same year he was chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1443 he was appointed Bishop of Ely; then in Apr 1454 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury, becoming Lord Chancellor of England in the following Mar.
Bourchier's short term of office as chancellor coincided with the start of the Wars of the Roses, and at first he was not a strong partisan, although he lost his position as chancellor when Richard, Duke of York, was deprived of power in Oct 1456. Afterwards, in 1458, he helped to reconcile the contending parties, but when the war was renewed in 1459 he appears as a decided Yorkist; he crowned Edward IV in Jun 1461, and four years later he performed a similar service for the queen, Elizabeth Woodville.
In 1457 Bourchier took the chief part in the trial of Reginald Peacock, Bishop of Chichester, for heresy; in 1467 he was created a Cardinal; and in 1475 he was one of the four arbitrators appointed to arrange the details of the treaty of Picquigny between England and France. After the death of Edward IV in 1483 Bourchier persuaded the Queen to allow her younger son, Richard, Duke of York, to share his brother's residence in the Tower of London; and although he had sworn to be faithful to Edward V before his father's death, he crowned Richard III in Jul 1483. He was, however, in no way implicated in the murder of the young princes, and he was probably a participant in the conspiracies against Richard.
The third English King crowned by Bourchier was Henry VII, whom he also married to Elizabeth of York in Jan 1486.
The Archbishop died on 30 Mar 1486 at his residence, Knole House, near Sevenoaks, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral.
15. Eleanor Bourchier - Duchess of Norfolk1 [340], daughter of William Bourchier - 1st Count of Eu [337] and Anne Plantagenet - of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford and Eu of Gloucester [338], was born in 1417. She had the title 'Duchess of Norfolk'. She died in 1474. She married John Mowbray - 3rd Duke of Norfolk [343].
John Mowbray - 3rd Duke of Norfolk [343] had the title '3rd Duke of Norfolk'.1 He and Eleanor Bourchier - Duchess of Norfolk had the following children:
| +33 |
William Bourchier - Viscount Bourchier, BourchierArms
16. William Bourchier - Viscount Bourchier1 [345], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], had the title 'Viscount Bourchier'.1 He married Anne Woodville [355] before 15 August 1467.8 He died on 26 June 1480.8
On 14 April 1471, William fought at the Battle of Barnet on the side of the Yorkists who won a decisive victory.8
Anne Woodville1 [355], daughter of Richard Woodville - 1st Earl Rivers ( - ) [1276] and Jacquetta of Luxembourg ( - ) [1277], was born circa 1438 in Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England.8 She had the title 'Viscountess Bourchier / Countess of Kent'.1 She died on 30 July 1489.8 She was buried in Warden, Bedfordshire.8
Anne Woodville, Viscountess Bourchier (c. 1438 – 30 July 1489) was an English noblewoman. She was a younger sister of Queen consort Elizabeth Woodville to whom she served as a lady-in-waiting. Anne was married twice;[1] first to William Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier, and secondly to George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent. Anne was the grandmother of the disinherited adulteress Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier, and an ancestress of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.
Anne Woodville and William Bourchier - Viscount Bourchier had the following children:
| +34 | |
| +35 | |
| +36 |
17. Henry Bourchier1 [346], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], was born circa 1434 in Great Totham, Essex, England.1 He had 0 children. He died on 12 August 1458.1 He married Elizabeth Scales [364].
no issue.
Elizabeth Scales1 [364] was born circa 1436.1 She had 0 children. She died on 2 September 1473.1
Elizabeth Woodville, Countess Rivers and 8th Baroness Scales (died 2 September 1473), born Elizabeth de Scales, was the sole heir of Thomas Scales, 7th Baron Scales.[1]
Family[edit]
Elizabeth first married Henry Bourchier (d. 1462), second son of Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex. Her second marriage to Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers produced no children.[2] The earl was a sibling of Elizabeth Woodville, queen consort of Edward IV. He became Lord Scales in his wife's right, and was summoned to Parliament by that title.
After Elizabeth died in 1473, Anthony married a daughter of Henry FitzLewis named Mary, but remained without legitimate issue. He was later beheaded by order of Richard III[why?] at Pontefract on 24 June 1483, but did leave a will.
The lands attached to the Rivers title were inherited by Anthony's brother, Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers. The Barony of Scales went to his youngest brother, Edward Woodville, but Richard III ignored this provision and the title fell into abeyance.[citation needed] In 1485, John de Vere and William Tynedale became heirs to the Scales' estate.[2].
18. Thomas Bourchier1 [347], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], died in 1492.1 He married Isabel Barre [365].
no issue.
Isabel Barre1 [365] had 0 children.
no issue.
19. John Bourchier - 6th Baron Ferrers of Groby1 [348], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], had the title '6th Baron Ferrers of Groby'. He died in 1495.6 He married Elizabeth Ferrers [366]. He married Elizabeth Chichele [1123].
Sir John Bourchier (c. 1438 – 1495) was a 15th-century English knight and nobleman. He was steward of the Honour of Richmond.[1] Bourchier fought in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 on the side of King Richard III.[1]
Bourchier was the fourth son of Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex and his wife Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex.[1]
Before 2 May 1462, Bourchier married to the heiress Lady Elizabeth Grey, widow of Sir Edward Grey, jure uxoris 6th Baron Ferrers of Groby (d. 18 December 1457).[1] Lady Elizabeth was the granddaughter and heiress of William Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby in her own right.[1] When Lady Ferrers remarried to Bourchier, he received the title of Baron Ferrers of Groby (jure uxoris).[1] They had no issue.[1]
After the death of Lady Ferrers, Bourchier remarried to Elizabeth Chichele before 6 July 1490.[1]
Bourchier left a will dated 4 June 1495 in which he requested his burial in Bilegh Abbey, Essex, next to the tomb of his parents.[1]
According to some sources Bourchier died in Spain.
~~~
Source[1] Douglas Richardson. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. pg 161–164.
Elizabeth Ferrers1,6 [366] had 0 children.
Elizabeth Chichele6 [1123] had 0 children.
20. Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell1 [349], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], died on 14 April 1471 in Battle of Barnet, Hertfordshire, England. He married Joan Stanhope [367].
21. Florence Bourchier1 [354], daughter of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], died circa 1525.
22. Fulke Bourchier1 [350], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], had 0 children. He died in died young.
23. Hugh Bourchier1 [351], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], had 0 children. He died in died young.
24. Edward Bourchier1 [352], son of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], died on 30 December 1460.
Killed in the Battle of Wakefield.
25. Isabel Bourchier1 [353], daughter of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], had 0 children. She died in died young.
26. Laura Bourchier - Countess of Devon [1072], daughter of Henry Bourchier - 5th Baron Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, 1st Viscount Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex [339] and Isabel Plantagenet of Cambridge [344], was born in 1440.6 She had the title 'Countess of Devon'. She married John Courtenay [1124].
John Courtenay [1124] died in 1471 in Tewkesbury.
27. Blanche Bourchier [369] was the daughter of William Bourchier - 1st Baron Fitzwaryn [341] and Thomazine Hankeford [368].
28. Fulke Bourchier - 2nd Baron Fitzwaryn [370], son of William Bourchier - 1st Baron Fitzwaryn [341] and Thomazine Hankeford [368], was born on 25 October 1445.1 He had the title '2nd Baron Fitzwaryn'.1 He died on 18 September 1497.1 He married Elizabeth Dynham [385].
Elizabeth Dynham [385] was born in 1449.1 She had the title 'Baroness Fitzwaryn'.1 She died on 19 October 1516.1 She and Fulke Bourchier - 2nd Baron Fitzwaryn had the following children:
| +37 | |
| +38 | Joan Bourchier - Baroness Audley of Heleigh (c. 1472- ) [387] |
| +39 | |
| +40 |
29. Joan Bourchier [327], daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners [325] and Margery Berners - Baroness Berners [326], was born circa 1442 in Halstead, Essex, England.1 She died on 7 October 1470. She married Henry Neville [330].
Sir Henry Neville Knight1 [330] died on 26 July 1469. He and Joan Bourchier had the following children:
| +41 | |
| +42 | |
| +43 |
30. Sir Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell Knight [112], son of John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners [325] and Margery Berners - Baroness Berners [326], was born between 1440 and 1444 in Halstead.1 He died on 14 April 1471 in Battle of Barnet.1 He was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England. He married Elizabeth Tylney [111].
Killed in the Battle of Barnet.
Elizabeth Tylney Countess of Surrey [111] (also known as Elizabeth Tilney), daughter of Sir Frederick Tylney of Ashwellthorpe ( - ) [114] and Elizabeth Cheney ( - ) [115], married Thomas Howard on 30 April 1472.9 She died on 4 April 1497.1,10 She and Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell had the following children:
| +44 | |
| +45 | |
| +46 | Anne Bourchier - Baroness Dacre of the South (c. 1470-1530) [270] |
31. Elizabeth Bourchier - Baroness Welles [328], daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners [325] and Margery Berners - Baroness Berners [326], was born circa 1446 in Halstead. She had the title 'Baroness Welles'.1 She died after 2 October 1470.1 She married Robert Welles [336].
Robert Welles1 [336] had the title '8th Baron Welles / 2nd Baron Willoughby'.1
32. Sir Thomas Bourchier Knight [329], son of John Bourchier - 1st Baron Berners [325] and Margery Berners - Baroness Berners [326], was born in 1448.1 He died in 1512.1 He married Anne Andrews [334]. He married Agnes Charlton [335].
33. John Mowbray [107], son of John Mowbray - 3rd Duke of Norfolk [343] and Eleanor Bourchier - Duchess of Norfolk [340], had the title '4th Duke of Norfolk'.11 He married Elizabeth Talbot [108].
Elizabeth Talbot [108] was the daughter of John Talbot ( - ) [109]. She and John Mowbray had the following children:
| +47 |
Henry Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Essex, Henry_Bourchier [356]
Henry Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Essex, BourchierArms
34. Henry Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Essex1 [356], son of William Bourchier - Viscount Bourchier [345] and Anne Woodville [355], was born in 1472.1 He had the title '2nd Earl of Essex'. He died on 13 March 1539 in Baas, Broxbourne.1 He was buried in Little Easton Church, Essex, England. He married Mary Say [359]. He married Mary Blount [361].
Member of the privy council of Henry VII. In 1492 he was present at the siege of Boulogne. At the knighthood of Henry, Duke of York (Henry VIII), the Earl took a prominent part in the ceremonies, and was one of the challengers at the jousts held in honour of the event. In 1497 he commanded a detachment against the rebels at Blackheath. He accompanied the King and Queen when they crossed to Calais in 1500, to hold an interview with the Duke of Burgundy. The next year he was one of those appointed to meet Catalina de Aragon.
On the accession of Henry VIII he was made captain of the new bodyguard. During the early years of the king's reign he took a prominent part in the revels in which Henry delighted. Constant references may be found in the State Papers to the earl's share in these entertainments. For example, in 1510 he and others, the King among the number, dressed themselves as Robin Hood's men in a revel given for the Queen's delectation. He was also constantly employed in state ceremonies, such as meeting papal envoys, as in 1514, when the Pope sent Henry a cap and sword; in 1515, when he met the prothonotary who brought over the cardinal's hat for Wolsey; and in 1524, when Dr. Hanyball came over with the golden rose for the King. These and such like engagements necessarily put him to great expense. He received some grants from Henry, and appears both as a pensioner and a debtor of the crown. On one occasion his tailor seems to have had some difficulty in getting his bill settled. He served at the seiges of Terouenne and Tournay as 'leiutenant-general of the spears' (Herbert) in 1513, and the next year was made chief captain of the king's forces. When the king's sister Margaret, widow of James IV and wife of the Earl of Angus, sought refuge in England, the Earl of Essex, in company with the King, Suffolk, and Sir George Carew, held the lists in the jousts given in her honour. In 1520 he attended the King at the celebrated meeting held at Guisnes. He sat as one of the judges of the Duke of Buckingham, and received the Manor of Bedminster as his share of the Duke's estates.
In 1525, when engaged in raising money for the crown from the men of Essex, he wrote to Wolsey, pointing out the danger of an insurrection, and by the king's command took a company to the borders of Essex and Suffolk to overawe the malcontents. On a division being made of the council in 1526 for purposes of business, his name was placed with those who were to treat of matters of law. He joined in the letter sent by a number of English nobles to Clement VII in 1530, warning him that unless he hastened the king's divorce, his supremacy would be endangered. Bore the Sword of State at the Field of the Cloth of Gold.
Henry Bourchier died in 1539 when his neck was broken after being thrown from a horse. As he had no male issue by Mary, his wife, his Earldom of Essex and Viscounty of Bourchier became extinct. His Barony descended to his daughter Anne, who married William Parr, afterwards Earl of Essex.
Mary Say [359] died in 1535. She and Henry Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Essex had the following children:
| +48 | Anne Bourchier - Viscountess Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier (1517-1571) [360] |
35. Isabel Bourchier1 [357] was the daughter of William Bourchier - Viscount Bourchier [345] and Anne Woodville [355].
36. Cecile Bourchier1 [358], daughter of William Bourchier - Viscount Bourchier [345] and Anne Woodville [355], married John Devereux [363].
John Devereux1 [363] had the title '2nd Baron Ferrers of Chartley'. He and Cecile Bourchier had the following children:
| +49 | Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford (1488-1588) [1083] |
37. John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386], son of Fulke Bourchier - 2nd Baron Fitzwaryn [370] and Elizabeth Dynham [385], was born on 20 July 1470 in Halstead, Essex, England.1 He had the title '1st Earl of Bath'.1 He married Cecily Daubeney [396] in 1496 in Baunton, Devon, England.1 He died on 30 April 1539 in Baunton.1 He married Florence Bonville - Countess of Bath [405]. He married Elizabeth Wentworth [408].
Cecily Daubeney1 [396] and John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath had the following children:
| +50 | |
| +51 | |
| +52 | |
| +53 | |
| +54 | |
| +55 | |
| +56 | |
| +57 |
Florence Bonville - Countess of Bath1 [405], daughter of Sir John Bonville of Halnaker ( - ) [406] and Catherine Wingfield ( - ) [407], was born in 1472. She had the title 'Countess of Bath'.1 She died in October 1524.1
Elizabeth Wentworth1 [408] had the title 'Countess of Bath'.1
38. Joan Bourchier - Baroness Audley of Heleigh [387], daughter of Fulke Bourchier - 2nd Baron Fitzwaryn [370] and Elizabeth Dynham [385], was born circa 1472.1 She had the title 'Baroness Audley of Heleigh'.1 She married James Touchet [390].
James Touchet [390] had the title '4th Baron Audley of Heleigh'.1
39. Elizabeth Bourchier [388], daughter of Fulke Bourchier - 2nd Baron Fitzwaryn [370] and Elizabeth Dynham [385], was born circa 1474.1 She died in 1557.1 She married Henry Beaumont [391]. She married Richard Page [392]. She married Edward Stanhope [393]. She married Nicholas Pigot [395].
Edward Stanhope1 [393] and Elizabeth Bourchier had the following children:
| +58 |
40. William Bourchier [389] was the child of Fulke Bourchier - 2nd Baron Fitzwaryn [370] and Elizabeth Dynham [385].
41. Joan Neville [331] was the daughter of Sir Henry Neville Knight [330] and Joan Bourchier [327].
42. Richard Neville [332] was the son of Sir Henry Neville Knight [330] and Joan Bourchier [327].
43. Thomas Neville [333] was the son of Sir Henry Neville Knight [330] and Joan Bourchier [327].
44. Margaret Bourchier [269], daughter of Sir Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell Knight [112] and Elizabeth Tylney Countess of Surrey [111], was born circa 1468 in Benningborough, Yorkshire, England.1 She married John Sands [271] on 11 November 1478 in Benningborough.1 She married Thomas Bryan [272] circa 1487 in Benningborough. She died in 1551 in England.1 She married David Zouche [277].
Margaret was born around 1468 in Beningbrough, Yorkshire, England, dau. of Sir Humphrey Bourchier and Elizabeth Tilney. Margaret Bryan could boast royal Plantagenet bloodlines for herself through her great grandmother on her father's side, Anne of Woodstock, Countess of Buckingham, who was herself the granddaughter of King Edward III. Humphrey Bourchier was heir to the title Baron Berners but died before his father, killed at the Battle of Barnet while fighting for the Yorkists. Margaret's brother John succeeded to the title as second Baron Berners. Her mother remarried at Sir Humphrey´s death; her second husband was Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Margaret was brought up with her half brothers and half sisters, including Elizabeth Howard (Anne Boleyn’s mother). This connection made Margaret an aunt to Anne Boleyn as well as a member of the wider circle of kin and dependents around the Howard family.
Humphrey Bourchier and Elizabeth Tilney had one further daughter who survived to adulthood. Margaret's younger sister was Anne Bourchier, who married Thomas Fiennes, 8th Lord Dacre, in 1492. Their son, also Thomas, was the 9th Lord Dacre who was executed for murder in 1541.
Margaret Bourchier was married three times. Her first husband, with whom there may only have been a marriage agreement (a ‘pre-contract’), was Sir John Sands (or Sandys). The marriage agreement was signed when Margaret was 10 or 11 years old on 11 Nov 1478.
Margaret married Sir Thomas Bryan about 1487. As Lady Bryan, she was present at Catalina of Aragon's wedding to Prince Henry in 1509, and was a lady in waiting to Catalina from 1509 to 1516, while her husband was vice chamberlain of the Queen’s household. She apparently brought their daughters Margaret and Elizabeth Bryan, and her son Francis with her to court. She also had charge of the upbringing of Lettice Penyston.
Known as Lady Bryan initially because of her husband's knighthood, she claimed to have been made Baroness Bryan suo jure on 18 Feb 1516, upon the birth of Princess Mary, when she was appointed as Mary's Lady Governess in charge of the nursery at Ditton Park, Buckinghamshire and at Hanworth. She remained with the Princess for five years and when she left was given an annuity of £50 for life. She may also have been Lady Governess to Henry's illigitimate but acknowledged son Henry Fitzroy. If she had responsibility also for Henry Fitzoy that would have made her tenure as Mary's Lady Governess fairly short.
Sir Thomas Bryan died sometime before 1517, and Margaret married her final husband, David Zouche. In Jul 1519, there is a record in the archives of Henry VIII's court that notes the payment of an annuity of £50 to "MARGARET BRYAN, widow of Sir Thomas Bryan, and now wife of David Soche". The annuity paid "for services to the King and queen Katharine" included "one tun of Gascon wine yearly, out of the wine received for the King's use". David Zouche may have died in 1526 or in 1536.
In 1533 she was called back to care for Elizabeth Tudor at Hatfield. From Aug 1536, there is a widely quoted letter from her to Thomas Cromwell, in which she complains of the economic difficulties of the household of lady Elizabeth since the change in her status (from legitimate to illegitimate) following the annulment of the King's marriage to her mother Anne Boleyn, and Anne's execution in May.
"Now, as my lady Elizabeth is put from that degree she was in, and what degree she is at now I know not but by hearsay, I know not how to order her or myself, or her women or grooms. I beg you to be good lord to her and hers, and that she may have raiment, for she has neither gown nor kirtle nor petticoat, nor linen for smocks, nor kerchiefs, sleeves, rails, bodystychets, handkerchiefs, mufflers, nor "begens."
She also reports that: "My lady has great pain with her teeth, which come very slowly". Elizabeth was to have serious difficulties with her teeth on and off for much of her life.
She was Lady Governess to Elizabeth for four years. Margaret Bryan passed over responsibility for Elizabeth to Catherine Champernowne in Oct 1537 following the birth of Prince Edward, who became her new charge. Later, she was put in charge of a combined household at Havering-atte-Bower. A second letter to Cromwell, dated 11 Mar 1539, describes the Prince.
"My lord Prince is in good health and merry. Would to God the King and your Lordship had seen him last night. The minstrels played, and his Grace danced and played so wantonly that he could not stand still ..."
A late mention of Margaret Bryan in the archives is a note referring to the payment of a £20 annuity to "Lady Margaret Bryane, the King's servant" in 1545.
She died in Leyton, now a suburb of London but at the time a village in Essex. The only children Lady Margaret had were in her marriage with Sir Thomas Bryan. Two of their surviving children were: Elizabeth Bryan, who became the wife of Sir Nicholas Carew, and Sir Francis Bryan, who became Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.
Thomas Bryan1 [272] and Margaret Bourchier had the following children:
| +59 | |
| +60 | |
| +61 | |
| +62 |
John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners, John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners_by_Ambrosius_Benson
45. John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113], son of Sir Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell Knight [112] and Elizabeth Tylney Countess of Surrey [111], was born circa 1467 in Beningbrough, Yorkshire, England.1 He had the title 'Lord Berners, 2nd Baron of Berners'.1,9 He married Katherine Howard [282] before 13 May 1490.12 He died on 16 March 1533 in Calais.1,12 He and Mistress of unknown name [1082] were an unmarried couple.
Born around 1468 in Beningbrough, Yorkshire, England, son of Sir Humphrey Bourchier and Elizabeth Tilney. He had royal descent through his great grandmother on his father's side, Anne of Woodstock, Countess of Buckingham, the granddaughter of King Edward III. Humphrey Bourchier was heir to the title Baron Berners but died before his father, being killed during the Wars of the Roses at the Battle of Barnet. John succeeded to the title as second Baron Berners. His mother remarried at Sir Humphrey´s death; her second husband was Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. This connection made him uncle to Anne Boleyn as well as a member of the wider circle of kin and dependents around the Howard family. John Bourchier was brother of Margaret, lady Bryan, governess of the three children of Henry VIII.
Little is known of his career till after the accession of Henry VII. In 1492 he entered into a contract 'to serue the King in his warres beyond see on hole yeere with two speres' (Rymer, Foedera, xii. 479). In 1497 he helped to repress the Cornish rebellion in behalf of Perkin Warbeck. It is fairly certain that he and Henry VIII were acquainted as youths, and the latter showed Berners much favour in the opening years of his reign. In 1513 he travelled in the King's retinue to Calais, and was present at the capture of Terouenne. Later in the same year he was marshal of his step father, the Earl of Surrey's army in Scotland. When the Princess Mary married Louis XII (9 Oct 1514), Berners was sent with her to France as her chamberlain. But he did not remain abroad. On 18 May 1514 he had been granted the reversion to the office of chancellor of the exchequer, and on 28 May 1516 Berners was sent with John Kite, Archbishop of Armagh, on a special mission to Spain to form an alliance between Henry VIII and Carlos V of Spain. The letters of the envoys represent Berners as suffering from severe gout. He sent the King accounts of the bull-baiting and other sports that took place at the Spanish Court. The negotiations dragged on from Apr to Dec, and the irregularity with which money was sent to the envoys from home caused them much embarrassment (cf. Berners to Wolsey, 26 Jul 1518, in Brewer's Letters &c. of Henry VIII).
Early in 1519 Berners was again in England, and he, with his wife, attended Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in the next year. The privy council thanked him (2 Jul 1520) for the account of the ceremonial which he forwarded to them. Throughout this period Berners, when in England, regularly attended parliament, and was in all the commissions of the peace issued for Hertfordshire and Surrey. But his pecuniary resources were failing him. He had entered upon several harasssing lawsuits touching property in Staffordshire, Wiltshire, and elsewhere. As early as 1511 he had borrowed 350 pounds of the King, and the load was frequently repeated. In Dec 1520 he left England to become deputy of Calais, during pleasure, with 100 pounds yearly as salary and 104 pounds as "spyall money".
His letters to Wolsey and other officers of state prove him to have been busily engaged in succeeding years in strengthening the fortifications of Calais and in watching the armies of France and the Low Countries in the neighborhood. In 1522 he received Carlos V. In 1528 he obtained grants of manors in Surrey, Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Oxfordshire. In 1529 and 1531 he sent Henry VIII gifts of hawks (Privy Purse Expenses, pp. 54, 231). But his pecuniary troubles were increasing, and his debts to the crown remained unpaid. Early in 1532-3, while Berners was very ill. Henry VIII directed his agents in Calais to watch over the deputy's personal effects in the interests of his creditors. On 16 Mar 1532-3 Berners died, and he was buried in the parish church of Calais by his special direction. All his goods were placed under arrest and an inventory taken, which is still at the Record Office, and proves Berners to have lived in no little state. Eighty books and four pictures are mentioned among his household furniture. By his will (3 Mar 1532-3) he left his chief property in Calais to Francis Hastings, his executor, who became Earl of Huntingdon in 1544 (Chronicle of Calais, Camd. Soc. p. 164).
Berners married Catherine, daughter of John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, by whom he had a daughter, Joan or Jane, the wife of Edmund Knyvett of Ashwellthorp in Norfolk, who succeeded to her father's estates in England. Small legacies were also left to his illegitimate sons, Humphrey, James, and George. The Barony of Berners was long in abeyance. Lord Berners daughter and heiress died in 1561, and her grandson, Sir Thomas Knyvett, petitioned the crown to grant him the barony, but died 9 Feb 1616-7 before his claim was ratified. In 1720 Elizabeth, a great-granddaughter of Sir Thomas, was confirmed in the barony and bore the title of Baroness Berners, but she died without issue in 1743, and the barony fell again into abeyance.
from http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BOURCHIER1.htm#Robert De BOURCHIER1
~~~~~~~~~
from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62492/John-Bourchier-2nd-Baron-Berners
John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, (born c. 1467, Tharfield, Hertfordshire, Eng.—died March 16, 1532/33, Calais?, France), English writer and statesman, best known for his simple, fresh, and energetic translation (vol. 1, 1523; vol. 2, 1525) from the French of Jean Froissart’s Chroniques.
Berners’ active political and military career started early when at the age of 15 he was defeated in a premature attempt to make Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond (later Henry VII), king. He helped to suppress the 1497 Cornish rebellion in favour of Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the English throne, and served the crown in campaigns in France and Scotland. He was involved in English diplomacy concerning Henry VIII’s alliances with France and Spain and was present at the Field of Cloth of Gold, at which Henry and Francis I of France met to pledge their friendship. His appointment in 1520 as deputy of Calais helped him to a stable income, ending the royal loans he had been constantly receiving. He held the post, except from 1526 to 1531, until his death.
Berners’ translation of the French romance The Boke Huon de Bordeuxe, which introduces Oberon, king of the fairies, into English literature, is almost as successful as his translation of Froissart. Near the end of his life, he translated into English prose two of the newly fashionable courtesy books: The Castell of Love, by Diego de San Pedro, and The Golden Boke of Marcus Aurelius, by Antonio de Guevara. The latter was by far the most popular of his works.
{ this is the first and only mention I have found of Tharfield outside the Eastern Cape - Paul TT}
~~~~~~~~~~
from http://www.bartleby.com/209/42.html : -
John Bourchier, or Bouchier, afterwards Lord Berners, was descended from a family of great distinction, which could claim kinship with the Plantagenets, and which had already furnished a long list of men high in Church and State. The Bourchiers had at first been supporters of the Lancastrian House: but had afterwards joined the Yorkist party, on whose behalf our author’s grandfather, Lord Berners (whom he succeeded), fought at St. Albans, while his father, Humphrey Bourchier, fell at Barnet fighting on the same side. John Bourchier was born about 1467, and succeeded to the title in 1474. Even as a child he seems to have lived at the Court, and was knighted in 1477; but, according to the growing custom of the day which no longer countenanced the complete separation of arms from letters, he was sent to Oxford, where, according to Anthony Wood, he belonged to Balliol College. After his stay at the University he travelled abroad, returning to England when the Earl of Richmond became Henry VII., with the Bourchier family amongst his chief supporters. It was a member of that family, Cardinal Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, who placed the crown on Henry’s head. In the following years Lord Berners distinguished himself in military service, and he continued as high in favour with Henry VIII. as with his father. He served under Lord Surrey in Scotland, and was employed on embassies of high importance. About 1520 he seems to have been appointed Governor of Calais, and there he spent his last years, employed at Henry’s command, upon the translation of Froissart’s Chronicles from the French. He died in 1532.
BY birth, by education, by association and employment; as the head of a great family, from his youth a courtier; as the companion in arms as well as in letters of his kinsman, Surrey; as conversant not only with the learning of Oxford, but with the active life of the counsellor and the soldier; as acquainted not only with the languages but with the rulers of all the leading European states—Lord Berners was one on whose head all that was choicest in the England of his day seemed to unite, so as to make him in truth one of the most typical figures in an age when the chivalry of the past was linked, as it were, with the intellectual activity of the future. His work has precisely the qualities which such a training and such opportunities were likely to give: and it is perhaps not too much to say that there is no one who, without producing a work of original genius or research, has laid English literature under such a heavy debt of obligation, as Lord Berners by his translation of Froissart. From the abundance of French and Spanish romances he translated a few specimens: and he also made a translation from a French version of the Spaniard Guevara’s work entitled the Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius, or El Relox de Principles. As Guevara’s work was not published until 1529, and as no French version is known to have appeared in Berners’ time, some doubt may be felt as to the genesis of the book. But these works have long been forgotten: his chief achievement, and that by which his name must live, is his reproduction of the French Chronicle in a translation, which, by the rarest of literary gifts, has all the energy and verve of an original work.
Berners’ work is an advance no less upon the laboured ponderousness of works which produced, in an English dress, the old chroniclers, than upon the more ornate, but fantastic and shadowy translations of the romances. He had the good fortune in following a royal order (which is enough of itself to prove a rare literary sagacity in Henry VIII.), to find an author between whom and himself—though separated by a century of time—there was a close sympathy of thought and interest. This was the first condition of success; but that success was made still more sure by the union of a romantic fancy with experience of active life, and of the pomp and pageantry that surround the great. Nor was Berners simply the laureate of chivalry. Faithful as he is to his original, we can yet trace his own feeling through his choice of words, and he is able to give us an impression of earnest sympathy with every phase of the amazingly varied scene through which the Chronicle leads us.
We have seen how even in Fabyan’s Concordance of Histories, with all its roughness and coldness, the interest grows, and the force of the narrative increases as he comes nearer to the events of his own days, and more especially when he tells of that Government of London, in which he had himself borne a part. But in Berners we have got many strides further away from the monkish chronicler, to whom it never even remotely occurred that any words that fell from his pen should recall scenes of real life—of a life, heard in his cloister only as a confused and distant babble of noise. It is the very opposite of the mood of the monkish chronicler which gives to Berners’ translation those qualities that make it a model of style, simple, direct, and unaffected, and yet with a force and intensity of feeling which the most elaborate affectations of more laboured ingenuity would seek in vain to reproduce.
The translation undoubtedly marks the highest point to which English narrative prose had as yet reached. It attains its effect by no straining after a purity of Saxon diction, which some are pleased to consider the distinctive mark of excellence. Like all the early masters of English prose, Berners was bold in his appropriation of foreign words. Occasionally he reminds us even of the perfect English of the book of Common Prayer in his harmonious variations between words of Teutonic and of Romance origin. But his style was far too flexible and mobile to be confined to the narrow range, within which are to be found the meagre currents that go to feed the beginnings of our language, and to which the pedantry of the Teutonic purist would confine the ideal of English prose.
Lord Berners is a master of English style, then, partly because he found in his author one with whose subjects and whose methods he was in complete sympathy: partly because by the teaching of the university, the training of the Court, and the discipline of experience, he had learned to realise what he described, and thus to impart to it a force which no laboured art could improve: and partly because his intimate acquaintance with the Romance languages opened to him a wide range of words which he made no scruple of appropriating at his need. We are perhaps apt to persuade ourselves, in reading these early authors, that the harmonious charm of their style comes in great measure from their almost childish simplicity. The persuasion is more flattering to ourselves than true. Artistic skill like that of Berners is rarely unconscious: that it conceals itself does not rob it of the character of art. And the particular instance of Berners suggests a contrast that is not soothing to our self-respect. Froissart has been twice translated into English; by Berners, and again in the early days of this century by Mr. Johnes, a Welsh squire and member of Parliament, of literary tastes and most creditable industry. The work of Mr. Johnes obtained much favour from our grandfathers; but a comparison with that of Berners shews us at least to what a bathos English prose can fall. Let us take a few sentences at random, from Berners and from Johnes.
First this from Lord Berners—
“Wherefore he came on a night and declared all this to the queen, and advised her of the peril that she was in. Then the queen was greatly abashed, and required him, all weeping, of his good counsel. Then he said, Madame, I counsel you that ye depart and go in to the Empire, where as there be many great lords who may right well aid you, and specially the Earl William of Hainault, and Sir John of Hainault, his brother. These two are great lords and wise men, true, dread, and redoubted of their enemies.”
Then the parallel passage in Mr. Johnes:—
“He therefore came in the middle of the night to inform the queen of the peril she was in. She was thunderstruck at the information, to which he added, “I recommend you to set out for the Empire, where there are many noble lords who may greatly assist you, particularly William, Earl of Hainault, and his brother, who are both great lords, and wise and loyal men, and much dreaded by their enemies.”
Let us next compare a few sentences (taken from one of the extracts which follow) with their counterparts in Johnes. This is from the scene at Bruce’s death-bed, as given by Lord Berners.
“Then he called to him the gentle knight, Sir James Douglas, and said before all the lords, Sir James, my dear friend, ye know well that I have had much ado in my days to uphold and sustain the right of this realm: and when I had most ado, I made a solemn vow, the which as yet I have not accomplished, whereof I am right sorry: the which was, if I might achieve and make an end of all my wars, so that I might once have brought this realm in rest and peace, then I promised in my mind to have gone and warred on Christ’s enemies, adversaries to our holy Christian faith…. Then all the lords that heard these words wept for pity. And when this knight, Sir James Douglas, might speak for weeping, he said, Ah, gentle and noble King, an hundred times I thank your grace of the great honour that ye do to me, sith of so noble and great treasure ye give me in charge: and, sir, I shall do with a glad heart all that ye have commanded me, to the best of my true power: howbeit, I am not worthy nor sufficient to achieve such a noble enterprise. Then the King said, Ah, gentle knight, I thank you, so ye will promise to do it. Sir, said the knight, I shall do it undoubtedly, by the faith that I owe to God, and to the order of knighthood.”
Here is Mr. Johnes’s version of the same lines:—
“He after that called to him the gallant lord James Douglas, and said to him in presence of the others: “My dear friend, lord James Douglas, you know that I have had much to do, and have suffered many troubles during the time I have lived, to support the rights of my crown: at the time that I was most occupied I made a vow, the non-accomplishment of which gives me much uneasiness—I vowed that if I could finish my wars in such a manner that I might have quiet to govern peaceably, I would go and make war against the enemies of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the adversaries of the Christian faith…. All those present began bewailing bitterly, and when the lord James could speak, he said, “Gallant and noble King, I return you a hundred thousand thanks for the high honour you do me, and for the valuable and dear treasure with which you entrust me, and I will willingly do all that you command me with the utmost loyalty in my power: never doubt it, however I may feel myself unworthy of such a high distinction. The King replied, “Gallant knight, I thank you—you promise it me then?” “Certainly, Sir, most willingly,” answered the knight. He then gave his promise upon his knighthood.
If we wish to measure the decadence of English prose in the course of three centuries, no description can help half so much as the comparison of these few paragraphs, sentence by sentence and word by word. The same lesson might be drawn from any page taken at random of the old and the new translation. Yet in 1812 the editor of Berners actually offers an apology for reproducing “the venerable production,” now that “the elegant modern translation by Mr. Johnes has made the contents generally familiar!” Perhaps we have recovered somewhat from the style of Johnes,—it is so much gained that we know that it is not elegant, but execrably bad,—but the grace of Lord Berners is something that we can never by any possibility recover. An affected archaicism will not bring us one hair’s-breadth nearer to it. 11
The translation was printed by Pynson in 1523 and 1525. The best modern edition is that published in London in 1812, with a memoir of Lord Berners, and an index."
end of from http://www.bartleby.com/209/42.html :
~~~~~~~~~~~~
see also : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners.
Katherine Howard [282], daughter of John Howard ( - ) [1068] and Margaret Chedworth ( - ) [1069], was born in Tendring, Essex, England.1 She and John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners had the following children:
| +63 | |
| +64 | |
| +65 | |
| +66 |
Mistress of unknown name [1082] and John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners had the following children:
| +67 | |
| +68 | |
| +69 | |
| +70 |
46. Anne Bourchier - Baroness Dacre of the South [270], daughter of Sir Humphrey Bourchier - 1st and last Lord Bourchier of Cromwell Knight [112] and Elizabeth Tylney Countess of Surrey [111], was born circa 1470.1 She had the title 'Baroness Dacre of the South'.1 She married Thomas Fiennes [278] in 1492 in Berners, Ross & Cromarty, Scotland. She died on 29 September 1530.1
Sometime after her marriage, John Skelton, Poet Laureate of England commemorated Anne, her mother, and her two half-sisters, Elizabeth and Muriel in his poem Garlande of Laurrell, which is about an event that had occurred when he was a guest in the Howard residence of Sheriff Hutton Castle. Anne's mother, along with her three daughters and gentlewomen of her household, had placed a garland of laurel, worked in silks, gold, and pearls, upon Skelton's head as a sign of homage to the poet. The stanza which is addressed to Anne reads: "To my Lady Anne Dakers of the sowth". Her name also appears in several of Skelton's other poems.
Thomas Fiennes1 [278] had the title '2nd Baron Dacre of the South'.1 He and Anne Bourchier - Baroness Dacre of the South had the following children:
| +71 | |
| +72 | |
| +73 |
47. Anne Mowbray [106], daughter of John Mowbray [107] and Elizabeth Talbot [108], was born on 10 December 1472.11 She was christened on 17 December 1472 in Framlingham, Suffolk.11 She had the title 'Baroness Mowbray and Baroness Segrave'.11 She married Richard Plantagenet - Duke of York [104] "15 Jan 1477/1478" in St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster.13 She died before 26 November 1481.11 without issue. Anne was buried in Chapel of St Erasmus, Westminster Abbey.14 Subsequently removed to the Abbey of the Minoresses in the City of London.
Richard Plantagenet - Duke of York [104], son of Edward York - King Edward IV (1442-1483) [84] and Elizabeth Woodville ( -1492) [85], was born on 17 August 1473 in Shrewsbury.15 He had the title 'Duke of York' from 28 May 1474.13 He had the title 'Earl of Nottingham' from 12 June 1476.13 He had the title 'Earl of Warenne and Duke of Norfolk' "FROM 7 Feb 1476/7".13
Anne Bourchier - Viscountess Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier, BourchierArms
Spouse: William Parr - 1st Marquess of Northampton, 1st Earl of Essex and 1st Baron Parr, William Parr, The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger
48. Anne Bourchier - Viscountess Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier1 [360], daughter of Henry Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Essex [356] and Mary Say [359], was born in 1517.16 She had the title 'Viscountess Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier'. She married William Parr - 1st Marquess of Northampton, 1st Earl of Essex and 1st Baron Parr [362] on 9 February 1527. She died on 28 January 1571 in Bennington.1,16
Anne Bourchier (1517 – 28 January 1571) was the suo jure 7th Baroness Bourchier, suo jure Lady Lovayne, and Baroness Parr of Kendal. She was the first wife of William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, and the sister-in-law of Catherine Parr, the sixth wife of Henry VIII of England.
She created a scandal in 1541 when she deserted her husband to elope with her lover, John Lyngfield, the prior of St. James's Church, Tanbridge, Surrey, by whom she would have several illegitimate children. In 1543, Lord Parr obtained an Act of Parliament repudiating Anne.
Family
Lady Anne Bourchier was born in 1517, the only child of Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex, 6th Baron Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier, 2nd Count of Eu, and Mary Say, who was a lady-in-waiting to Henry VIII's first Queen consort, Catherine of Aragon. Her paternal grandparents were Sir William Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier and Lady Anne Woodville, a younger sister of the English queen consort Elizabeth Woodville. Her maternal grandparents were Sir William Say and Elizabeth Fray. Anne was related to three queen consorts of Henry VIII; Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, and Catherine Howard who all shared the same great-grandmother Elizabeth Cheney.
As the only child of the last Bourchier Earl of Essex, as well as the contingent heiress of the Countess of Oxford, Anne was one of the wealthiest heiresses in England. The Bourchier wealth derived from the 14th century marriage of Sir William Bourchier to Eleanor de Lovayne (27 March 1345 – 5 October 1397), a rich heiress in her own right.
Marriage and inheritance
On 9 February 1527, Anne was married to Sir William Parr, the only son of Sir Thomas Parr, Sheriff of Northamptonshire and Maud Green. Anne was approximately ten years old at the time of her marriage which had been diligently arranged by her ambitious mother-in-law. Anne later succeeded to the titles of suo jure 7th Baroness Bourchier and Lady Lovayne on 13 March 1540 at the time of her father's accidental death. His viscounty of Bourchier and earldom of Essex did not pass to her, however, and both titles became extinct upon his death. Her husband had been created 1st Baron Parr of Kendal in 1539.
Adultery
Anne and Parr were unhappy from the very start of their marriage. After their marriage in 1527, the couple did not live with each other until twelve years later. Anne was described as having been poorly-educated; and she appeared to prefer the peace of the countryside to the excitement of Henry VIII's court, as her first recorded appearance at court where she attended a banquet was on 22 November 1539 when she was aged 22.
In 1541, a scandal erupted when Anne eloped with her lover, John Lyngfield, the prior of St. James's Church, in Tanbridge, Surrey, and by whom she had an illegitimate child. He was also known as John Hunt or Huntley. The birth of Anne's child prompted Baron Parr to take action against her to protect his own interests, lest the baby should later in the future lay claim to his estates. In January 1543, he applied to Parliament, asking for a separation from Anne on the grounds of her adultery. From the Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of Henry VIII, dated 22 January 1543, there is the following item:
"Whereas lady Anne, wife of Sir Wm Parre lord Parre continued in adultery notwithstanding admonition, and, finally, two years past, left his company and has since had a child begotten in adultery and that the said child and all future children she may have shall be held bastards."
In 1541, after Anne had left Baron Parr, he began an affair with Dorothy Bray, who served as a Maid of Honour to Queen Catherine Howard.
Parr's sister, Catherine Parr, in March of 1543 used her influence to help her brother and on 17 April 1543, he obtained an Act of Parliament, repudiating Anne and her child, who was declared a bastard, and unfit to inherit. The act was styled in the Lords' journal as a Bill "to bar and make base and bastards, the child which be, or shall be borne in adultery by the Lady Anne, wife of the Lord Parr". This act was read for the first time on 13 March 1543. The Act stated in the 34th Year Hen. VIII:
"That for the last two years she [Anne] had eloped from her husband, William Lord Parr, and had not in that time ever returned to nor had any carnal intercourse with him, but had been gotten with child by one of her adulterors and been delivered of such child, which child 'being as is notoriously known, begotten in adultery, and born during the espousals' between her and Lord Parr 'by the law of this realm is inheritable and may pretend to inherit all &c;' and the Act therefore declared the said child to be a bastard.
At this time, his sister Catherine was being courted by King Henry VIII. Anne spent the next few years living in exile at the manor of Little Wakering, in Essex. She was allegedly reduced to a state of poverty.
In that same year, 1543, William Parr had begun his courtship of Elizabeth Brooke, who was the niece of his mistress, Dorothy Bray, as well as a former Maid of Honour of Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard. He was created 1st Earl of Essex on 23 December 1543. On 31 March 1552, a bill was passed in Parliament which declared the marriage between Parr and Bourchier to be null and void.
Later years
Upon the ascension of Queen Mary, Parr was arrested and was committed to the Tower after his traitorous complicity with John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland's failed plot against Mary to place Lady Jane Grey upon the throne. After Parr was sentenced to death on 18 August 1553, Anne went to court and intervened on Parr's behalf with Queen Mary I in hopes that they [she] would be able to keep their estates. Parr was released. The bill which had declared their marriage null and void was reversed on 24 March 1554. That December, Anne used the reversal to her advantage and was granted an annuity of £100. Again in December 1556, Anne was granted another annuity of £450. She remained at the royal court until the ascension of Elizabeth I. Queen Elizabeth held Parr in high favour and Anne most likely knew that her adulterous history would not endear her to the queen. Parr was restored to blood and was re-created Marquess of Northampton, re-elected to the Order of the Garter, and was made a privy councillor among other things.
She had several more children by John Lyngfield but they, like her first child, were legally declared bastards. Only one daughter, Mary, is documented as having lived to adulthood. She married a Thomas York by whom she had children, but they all lived in obscurity. Author Charlotte Merton suggested that Katherine Nott, who held an unspecified position in Queen Elizabeth I's household from 1577 to 1578, was also a daughter of Anne.
Sir Robert Rochester and Sir Edward Waldegrave held Benington Park, in Hertfordshire, as feoffees for her use; however, upon the death of Rochester in 1557, Waldegrave transferred the property to Sir John Butler. In response, Anne brought a lawsuit against Waldegrave and Butler which was heard in the Court of Chancery.[1] She won the case but Butler petitioned to retry the case and continued to regard the park as his own.[1] Butler's petition was apparently unsuccessful because following Queen Elizabeth I's accession to the throne in November 1558, Anne had retired to Benington Park where she quietly spent the rest of her life.
Death
Anne Bourchier died on 28 January 1571 at Benington. Parr died the same year and was buried in the Collegiate Church of St. Mary in Warwick. His funeral and burial was paid by the Queen. He had married two times after Anne, but only his third wife, Helena Snakenborg, whom he had married after Anne's death in May was considered legal. He fathered no children by any of his wives and the little money and estates he had left were passed to his cousins.
Upon Anne's death, the barony of Bourchier passed to her cousin, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex.
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Bourchier,_7th_Baroness_Bourchier.
William Parr - 1st Marquess of Northampton, 1st Earl of Essex and 1st Baron Parr17 [362], son of Sir Thomas Parr ( - ) [1118] and Maud Green ( - ) [211], was born on 14 August 1513.17 He had the title '1st Marquess of Northampton, 1st Earl of Essex and 1st Baron Parr'. He died on 28 October 1571 in Warwick, England.17
Son of Sir Thomas Parr of Kendal and of Greens Norton, by his wife Maud (d. 1531), daughter and coheiress of Sir Thomas Green of Greens Norton and Boughton; he was nephew of Sir William Parr of Horton (d. 1546), and brother of Henry VIII last Queen, Catherine Parr.
He was born, probably at Kendal Castle, on 14 Aug 1513, and was educated at Cambridge under Cuthbert Tunstall, who was one of his father's friends. His father died on 12 Nov 1518, and he succeeded to the estate. Described as a man of mediocre talents and a political manoeuvrer who made the most of his position at court. He is believed to have loved poetry, music and fine living. He was knighted on 18 Oct 1537, and took part in suppressing the rising in the north of England in 1537, was one of those who tried the Lincolnshire prisoners in 1538. Made Baron Parr of Kendal in 1539. On 16 Dec of the same year he was made keeper of the parks at Brigstock. On 25 May 1540 he became steward of the manor of Writtle, Essex, and in November following captain of the band of gentlemen-pensioners. In 1541 he was keeper of the park at Moulton, and had trouble with the tenants there.
He married first, in 1526, Anne, the heiress of Henry Bourchier, 2nd earl of Essex, when she was barely ten. Twelve years passed before the couple lived together as husband and wife. They were totally unsuited to each other. She was poorly educated and most comfortable living in the country. Her first recorded appearance at court was at a banquet on 22 Nov 1539. Her husband, in contrast, was a career courtier, and engaged, c. 1541, in at least one tempestuous affair, with maid of honor Dorothy Bray, daughter of Edmund Bray, first B. Bray. That same year, Anne surprised everyone by running off with John Lyngfield, alias Huntley or Hunt, prior of St. James, Tandridge, Surrey. Parr secured a legal separation on grounds of her adultery and secured a bill in Parliament on 13 Mar 1543 to bar any child Anne bore from succeeding to her inheritance. Some records give Anne a son by Lyngfield and a daughter (Mary, who married one Thomas York) by an unknown father, while others say she and Lyngfield/Huntley had several children of whom only Mary lived to marry. Details are lacking. The tale that Parr tried to convince King Henry to execute Anne for adultery and that she was saved by Parr's sister, who was about to marry the king, is highly unlikely to have happened. Adultery was not normally punished by death. It is unclear what happened to John Lyngfield, but Anne apparently spent the next few years in impoverished exile at Little Wakering, a manor in Essex.
When it was decided that his sister Catherine should marry Henry VIII, William Parr naturally received additional preferment. In Mar 1543 he became a privy councillor, and lord warden and keeper of the marches towards Holland; he was also placed upon the council of the north, and made K.G. on 23 Apr 1543. In Dec 1543, after Cromwell death, just after his sister had married the King, he was created earl of Essex, a title formerly held by his father-inlaw, Henry Bourchier, who had died in Mar 1540.
Parr also received in 1543 the barony of Hart in Northamptonshire. In the expedition to Boulogne in 1544 Essex was chief captain of the men-at-arms; and, as a further proof of Henry VIII's confidence in him, he was an assistant-councillor to the king's executors, Henry leaving him £200 by his will. He was one of the commissioners for the trial of the Earl of Surrey on 13 Jan 1546-7.
Elizabeth Brooke came to court in the last years of Henry VIII and captivated the much older William Parr, who had been the lover of her aunt, Dorothy Bray. William Parr married Elizabeth in 1547 and lived with her until they were ordered to separate. Their marriage was declared valid in 1548, invalid in 1553, and valid again in 1558 -each change of monarch, and religion, changed Elizabeth's status.
Essex was one of the commissioners to determine claims at the coronation of Edward VI on 5 Feb 1546-7, and on the 15th of the same month was created Marquis of Northampton. Edward VI called him his honest uncle. He was a prominent supporter of Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, and was called to the privy council on 12 Mar 1546/7. On 24 Jun 1549 he was at Cambridge, and heard the disputations as to the sacrament of the altar. In Jul 1549 he was created lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Northamptonshire, and Norfolk, and went against Robert Kett in the same month to raise the siege of Norwich during the Norfolk rising. He had little military experience and disregarded Somerset's instructions not to offer battle at Norwich in order to seek a reputation. He was defeated by Ket at St. Martins Place. He was therefore deprived in Aug of the command, which was given to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. On 4 Feb 1549/50 he was created great chamberlain; in Apr he was one of those who received the French hostages after the surrender of Boulogne. In Jun 1551 he conducted an embassy to France to invest Henri II with the order of the Garter; and he was one of those commissioned to suggest the marriage between Edward VI and the French king's daughter. In the autumn of 1551 Marie De Guise. Regent of Scotland, paid a visit to the English king, and Northampton, who was still in command of the band of gentlemenpensioners, received her at Hampton Court. In the same capacity he was fourth captain in the great muster held before the King in Hyde Park on 7 Dec 1551.
On 31 Mar 1552, a bill passed in Parliament declaring the marriage of Anne Bourchier and Parr null and void.
Northampton was a friend of Warwick, hence his influence had grown on Somerset's fall; Somerset's conspiracy was supposed to be directed against John Dudley, now Duke of Northumberland, Pembroke, and Northampton.
Elizabeth Brooke was involved in the match to marry Jane Grey to Guildford Dudley. Northampton signed the device of King Edward and favored the claim of Lady Jane Grey to the English throne, and went with Northumberland into the eastern counties to maintain her cause.
After Queen Mary's triumph he was committed to the Tower on 26 Jul 1553, and on 18 Aug was arraigned and condemned to be executed. He was attainted and deprived of the Garter, but he was released from the Tower on 31 Dec 1553, and pardoned on 13 Jan 1553/4. Arrested again on suspicion of complicity in Wyatt's insurrection on 26 Jan, he was released once more on 24 Mar 1554. He was also restored in blood on 5 May 1554, but he was not restored to his rank, and was known during the rest of Queen Mary's reign as Sir William Parr; he only recovered part of his estates.
The bill declaring the marriage of Anne Bourchier and Parr null was reversed on 24 Oct 1553. Two months earlier, Anne had gone to court to lobby for Parr's release and pardon, which would enable him (them) to keep their estates. That same Dec, Anne was granted an annuity of £100. Parr was released but left in poverty. Anne appears to have remained at court until at least Dec 1556, when "Anne, Viscountess Bourchier, Lady Lovayne" was granted an additional annuity of £450. After Queen Elizabeth succeeded her sister, Anne retired quietly to Benington, Hertfordshire and there lived out the rest of her life.
On 13 Jan 1558/9 Parr, enjoying the favor of Queen Elizabeth, was recreated Marquess of Northampton. He was made a privy councillor on 25 Dec 1558, and was one of those whom the Queen consulted respecting the prayer-book. When the trial of Thomas Wentworth, second Baron of Netlestead, for the loss of Calais took place on 20 Apr 1559, Northampton acted as high steward. He was re-elected in the Order of the Garter on 24 Apr 1559; on 22 Jul 1559 he was one of the commissioners to visit the dioceses of Oxford, Lincoln, Peterborough, and Coventry and Lichfield, and in Oct of the same year received the Prince of Sweden, then on a visit to England. He is mentioned as a member of Gray's Inn in 1562. At the court of Queen Elizabeth, Lady Northampton was considered one of the Queen's closest friends, but as early as 1564 she was known to be suffering from breast cancer. At that time she made a trip to Antwerp to visit doctors there, but no cure existed.
On 18 Mar 1570/1 he was created M.A. by the university of Cambridge.
His last wife was Helen Snakenborg. She is noticed by a contemporary, Bishop Parkhurst, in a letter to Bullinger, dated 10 Aug 1571. "The Marquess of Northampton died about the beginning of Aug. When I was in London, he married a very beautiful German girl, who remained in the queen's court after the departure of the Margrave of Baden and Cecilia his wife from England". (Zurich Letters, vol. i. p. 257. Parker Society.) The same fact is confirmed by the statements of her epitaph in Salisbury cathedral; which adds that she became a lady of the bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth, and having married, secondly, Sir Thomas Gorges, of Longford, Wilts, had issue by him four sons and three daughters. She survived Sir Thomas for twenty-five years, and died on the 1 Apr 1635, aged 86. In Sir R. C. Hoare's South Wiltshire, Hundred of Cawden, are three beautiful folio plates of her monument, which includes whole-length recumbent effigies of the Countess and Sir Thomas Gorges.
It was this William Parr who built the oldest parts of the surviving house of Nunnington, which now form part of the west front. Following the forfeiture of the estate, Nunnington was again subject to let, one of the tenants being Dr Robert Huicke who was physician to both Catherine Parr and Elizabeth I. It fell to him to tell the Queen that she would never have children. He never lived at Nunnington however and the estate was managed by stewards. The sub-lease was granted to Thomas Norcliffe in 1583 and the family made many alterations over the next sixty years.
The Queen Elizabeth stopped to inquire about his health, when he was ill with an ague, on her way into London both in Nov 1558 and on 6 Jul 1561. Northampton died at Warwick on the 28 Oct 1571. He left no children and his marquessate became extinct. Queen Elizabeth paid for his funeral at St. Mary's Church there. In spite of considerable traffic in abbey lands and of grants made to him at his sister's marriage and later, he did not die rich.
49. Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083], son of John Devereux [363] and Cecile Bourchier [358], was born in 1488 in Chartley, Staffordshire, England.18 He had the title '1st Viscount of Hereford'. He married Mary Grey [1084] before 15 December 1503.18 He married Margaret Garneys [1090] circa 1557.18 He died on 17 September 1588 in Chartley.18 He was buried in Stowe Church, Chartley, Staffordshire, England.18
Knight of the Garter. B. Ferrers of Chartley. The Complete Peerage vol.V, pp.326-328. Present at the capture of Boulogne.
Margaret Garneys18 [1090] and Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford had the following children:
| +74 |
Mary Grey [1084] and Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford had the following children:
| +75 | |
| +76 | |
| +77 | |
| +78 | |
| +79 |
50. John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath1 [397], son of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396], was born in 1499 in Baunton, Devon, England.1 He had the title '2nd Earl of Bath'.1 He married Margaret Donnington [423] in Hengrave, Suffolk, England.1 He died on 10 February 1560. He was buried in Hengrave. He married Elizabeth Hungerford [409]. He married Eleanor Manners [411].
In 1539 Henry VIII confiscated the manor of Bolham from Dunkeswell Abbey, and a little later granted the former monastic manors of Hackpen, Bolham, Sheldon and Saint Hill to the second Earl of Bath, John Bouchier, who had already inherited the Barony of Okehampton from the Dynham line. The second Earl lived somewhat dangerously, he owed the King £336. Bourchier held the office of Sheriff of Somerset in 1519. He held the office of Sheriff of Dorset in 1519. He was invested as a Knight circa 1523. He succeeded to the title of 2nd Earl of Bath on 30 Apr 1539. He succeeded to the title of Baron of Daubeney on 8 Apr 1548. He was invested as a Privy Counsellor in 1553. He was one of the first to declare the right of Queen Mary to the Crown. He held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Dorset in 1556. He held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Devon in 1556. He held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall in 1556. He was a Commisisoner to decide on the claims made at Queen Mary's Coronation. He was a Commisisoner for the trial of Lady Jane Grey. He held the office of Governor of Beaumaris Castle.
from http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BOURCHIER1.htm#John BOURCHIER (2° E. Bath)
~~~~~~~~~.
Elizabeth Hungerford1 [409] and John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath had the following children:
| +80 |
Eleanor Manners1 [411] and John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath had the following children:
| +81 | |
| +82 | |
| +83 | |
| +84 | |
| +85 | |
| +86 | |
| +87 | |
| +88 | |
| +89 | |
| +90 | |
| +91 |
Margaret Donnington [423] was born circa 1509 in Stoke Newington, London, England.1 She died on 12 January 1561.1 She and John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath had the following children:
| +92 | |
| +93 |
51. Elizabeth Bourchier1 [398] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396].
52. Amias Bourchier1 [399], child of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396], was born circa 1501.1
53. Dorothy Bourchier1 [400] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396].
54. Giles Bourchier1 [401] was the son of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396].
55. Margaret Bourchier1 [402], daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396], was born circa 1507.1
56. Anne Bourchier1 [403], daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396], was born circa 1509.1
57. Eleanor Bourchier1 [404], daughter of John Bourchier - 1st Earl of Bath [386] and Cecily Daubeney [396], was born circa 1512.1
58. Anne Stanhope [394] was the daughter of Sir Edward Stanhope [393] and Elizabeth Bourchier [388].
59. Margaret Bryan1 [273] was the daughter of Sir Thomas Bryan Knight [272] and Margaret Bourchier [269].
60. Elizabeth Bryan1 [274] was the daughter of Sir Thomas Bryan Knight [272] and Margaret Bourchier [269].
61. Francis Bryan1 [275] was the son of Sir Thomas Bryan Knight [272] and Margaret Bourchier [269].
62. Mary Bryan1 [276] was the daughter of Sir Thomas Bryan Knight [272] and Margaret Bourchier [269].
63. Thomas Bourchier12,19 [1065], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Katherine Howard [282], died before 1533.12
64. Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners1 [283], daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Katherine Howard [282], had the title 'Baroness Berners'. She married Edmund Knyvett [313] in Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England.1 She died on 17 February 1561.1 She was buried in Ashwellthorpe.
Edmund Knyvett1 [313] was born in Buckenham, Norfolk, England. He had the title 'Baron Berners'. He died on 1 May 1539. He was buried in Ashwellthorpe.
Brother Thomas Knyvett. Sergeant Porter to Henry VIII.
He acquired Ashwellthorpe through his marriage to Jane Bourchier, heiress of John Bourchier. Edmund's will, dated 24 Jun 1546, and probated the same year, mentioned his wife, Jane, and his children, but not by name. The will of Jane Knyvett, widow, daughter and sole heir of John Bourchier, Knight, late Lord Berners, deceased, was dated 8 Apr 1560, and probated Dec 1562. It included a record of an earlier legal document that mentioned her sons, William and Edmund Knyvett, as well as her son, John Knyvett, her heir apparent. Mentioned in the will were her sons, William and Edmund, her daughters and sons-in-law, Alice and Oliver Sheers, Rose Reymes, widow, and Christian and Thomas Foster, and her "cousin", Thomas Knyvett, her heir apparent (presumably her grandson, the oldest son of her son, John). Also mentioned were her "goddaughters", Jane Walpole, Mary Walpole, and Bridget Walpole, all unmarried, "the same Agnes" (unmarried and unidentified), Bridget (the daughter of Edmund Knyvett) who was unmarried, and Henry (the son of Thomas Knyvett) who was under 21. One of the executors was her son, William Knyvett. The "goddaughters" must be "granddaughters", since the will of William Walpole, son of Catherine and John Walpole, dated 5 Aug 1587, and proved 5 Dec 1587, in the PCC, mentioned his mother, Catherine, now married to Thomas Scarlett, and his sisters, Mary Houghton, Jane Ryvett, and Bridget Houghell (amongst others).
Edmund Knyvett and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners had the following children:
| +94 | |
| +95 | |
| +96 | |
| +97 | |
| +98 | |
| +99 | |
| +100 | |
| +101 | |
| +102 | |
| +103 | |
| +104 |
65. Margaret Bourchier12 [1066], daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Katherine Howard [282], died before 1533.12
66. Mary Bourchier1 [284], daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Katherine Howard [282], died before 1533.12 She married Alexander Unton [1070].
no issue.12
67. Humphrey Bourchier1 [289], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Mistress of unknown name [1082], died in 1540. He married Elizabeth Bacon [286].
no issue with Elizabeth.
Elizabeth Bacon [286] married George Ferrers after 1540.
68. James Bourchier1 [287], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Mistress of unknown name [1082], was born circa 1510 in Benningborough, Yorkshire, England.1 He married Mary Bannister [292] circa 1530. He died in 1554.12
Mary Bannister1 [292] was the daughter of Humphrey Bannister ( - ) [293]. She and James Bourchier had the following children:
| +105 |
69. George Bourchier1 [290] was the son of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Mistress of unknown name [1082].
70. Ursula Bourchier1 [288], daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Baron Berners [113] and Mistress of unknown name [1082], was born circa 1512 in Benningborough.1 She married William Sharington [291].
71. Thomas Fiennes1 [279] was the son of Thomas Fiennes [278] and Anne Bourchier - Baroness Dacre of the South [270].
72. Mary Fiennes1 [280] was the daughter of Thomas Fiennes [278] and Anne Bourchier - Baroness Dacre of the South [270].
73. John Fiennes1 [281], son of Thomas Fiennes [278] and Anne Bourchier - Baroness Dacre of the South [270], was born circa 1497.
74. Edward Devereux18 [1091], son of Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083] and Margaret Garneys [1090], was born on 3 August 1558 in Chartley, Staffordshire, England. He died on 25 July 1622.18
75. Richard Devereux18 [1085], son of Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083] and Mary Grey [1084], married Dorothy Hastings [1096] circa 1541 in Bedenham, Herefordshire, England.18 He died on 13 October 1547.18
Dorothy Hastings18 [1096] and Richard Devereux had the following children:
| +106 | Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier (1539-1576) [1097] |
| +107 | |
| +108 | |
| +109 |
76. Edward Devereux18 [1086] was the son of Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083] and Mary Grey [1084].
Edward Devereux had the following children:
| +110 | |
| +111 |
77. Catherine Devereux18 [1088], daughter of Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083] and Mary Grey [1084], was born in 1506 in Staffordshire, England.18 She married James Baskerville [1092].
78. Henry Devereux18 [1089], son of Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083] and Mary Grey [1084], was born circa 1515 in Chartley.18 He died before 13 October 1547.18
79. Sir William Devereux18 [1087], son of Walter Devereux - 1st Viscount of Hereford [1083] and Mary Grey [1084], was born circa 1525 in Chartley. He died before 2 November 1579. He married Jane Scudamore [1093].
80. Elizabeth Bourchier1 [410], daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Elizabeth Hungerford [409], was born circa 1522.1
81. John Bourchier - 5th Baron Fitzwaryn1 [412], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411], was born in 1529.1 He had the title '5th Baron Fitzwaryn'.1 He married Frances Kytson [426] in Exeter, Devonshire, England.1 He died in 1556.1
Frances Kytson1 [426] and John Bourchier - 5th Baron Fitzwaryn had the following children:
| +112 |
82. Henry Bourchier1 [413], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411], was born in 1538 in Haddon Hall, Derby, England.1
spouse unknown.
Henry Bourchier had the following children:
| +113 | |
| +114 |
83. George Bourchier1 [414], son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411], was born in 1537 in Haddon Hall. He married Martha Howard [444] in 1582 in Effingham, Surrey, England.1 He died on 24 September 1605 in Ireland.1
Martha Howard1 [444] and George Bourchier had the following children:
| +115 | |
| +116 |
84. Fulke Bourchier1 [415] was the son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
85. Maria Bourchier1 [416] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
86. Cecily Bourchier1 [417] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
87. Elizabeth Bourchier1 [418] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
88. James Bourchier1 [419] was the son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
89. Robert Bourchier1 [420] was the son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
90. Margaret Bourchier1 [421] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
91. Verney Bourchier1 [422] was the son of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Eleanor Manners [411].
92. Susan Bourchier1 [424] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Margaret Donnington [423].
93. Bridget Bourchier1 [425] was the daughter of John Bourchier - 2nd Earl of Bath [397] and Margaret Donnington [423].
94. John Knyvett1 [314] was the son of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
95. Anne Knyvett1 [315] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
96. Elizabeth Knyvett1 [316] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
97. Thomas Knyvett1 [317] was the son of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
98. Edmund Knyvett1 [318] was the son of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
99. Alice Knyvett1 [319] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
100. Christian Knyvett1 [320] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
101. Rose Knyvett1 [321] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
102. William Knyvett1 [322] was the son of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
103. Catherine Knyvett1 [323] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
104. Anne Knyvett1 [324] was the daughter of Edmund Knyvett [313] and Joan Bourchier - Baroness Berners [283].
105. Ralph Bourchier [294], son of James Bourchier [287] and Mary Bannister [292], was born in 1535 in Benningborough, Yorkshire, England.1 He died on 11 June 1598 in Barking, Essex, England.1 He married Elizabeth Hall [295]. He married Christian Shakerley [298]. He married Anne Coote [1063].
He was born in Beningbrough, Yorkshire.
He built all or part of the Elizabethan Beningbrough on a site near the present house. Ralph was 25 years of age when he inherited the estate in 1556 from his uncle John Banester, who purchases it from the crown in 1544. Before this Ralph had inherited estates in Staffordshire from his father and in 1571 was first elected to Parliament as MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme. His Elizabethan house lay approximately 300 yards south-east of the present hall. In 1580-1 he was High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and was knighted in 1584. In 1589 he was an MP for the county. When he died most of his property went to his grandsons, as his eldest son William was declared insane. The eldest was Robert who died unmarried at the age of 18 in 1606, so John inherited Beningbrough.
Note: Faris (1999, page 45)
"Ralph Bourchier, Knight, of Haughton, co. Stafford, and Beninbrough in Newton-upon-Ouse, North Riding, co. York, Knight of the Shire for Yorkshire, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Keeper of Rochester Castle, Kent, son and heir, was married for the first time to Elizabeth Hall, daughter of Francis Hall, of Grantham, co. Lincoln (descendant of King EdwardI), by Ursula, daughter of Thomas Sherington. They had two sons and four daughters. In 1556 he was heir to his uncle, John Bannaster, Esq., by which he inherited the Manor of Beninbrough. He was married for the second time to Christian Shakerley, widow of John Harding, Esq., Alderman of London, and daughter of Rowland Shakerley, of London. He was married for the third time to Anne Coote, widow.
Sir Ralph Bourchier died on 11 June 1598, and was buried at Barking, Essex. His widow died the following August. His grandson and heir, John Bourchier, Knt., subscribed as an adventurer for Virginia in 1620."
In 1575, Sir Ralph Bourchier bought the manor at Hanging Grimston and other lands in Kirby Underdale, Painsthorpe and Uncleby. He probably bought it for his son John Bourchier, who was knighted in 1609
quoted from The National Trust.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~#
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beningbrough_Hall
Beningbrough Hall is a large Georgian mansion near the village of Beningbrough, North Yorkshire, England, and overlooks the River Ouse.
It has baroque interiors, cantilevered stairs, wood carving and central corridors which run the length of the house. Externally the house is a red-brick Georgian mansion with a grand drive running to the main frontage and a walled garden, The house is home to over 100 portraits on loan from the National Portrait Gallery. It has a restaurant, shop and garden shop, and was shortlisted in 2010 for the Guardian Family Friendly Museum Award.
The Hall is set in extensive grounds and is separated from them by an example of a ha-ha (a sunken wall) to prevent sheep and cattle entering the Hall's gardens or the Hall itself.
History
Beningbrough Hall, situated 8 miles north of York, was built in 1716 by a York landowner, John Bourchier III to replace his family's modest Elizabethan manor, which had been built in 1556 by Sir Ralph Bourchier on his inheritance to the estate. Local builder William Thornton oversaw the construction, but Beningbrough's designer remains a mystery; possibly it was Thomas Archer. Bourchier was High Sheriff of Yorkshire for 1719-1721 and died in 1736 at the age of 52.
John Bourchier (1710-1759) followed his father as owner of Beningbrough Hall and was High Sheriff in 1749. It then passed to Dr. Ralph Bourchier, a 71 year old physician and from him to his daughter, Margaret, who lived there for 70 years. Today a Bourchier knot is cut into a lawn adjoining the house.
After over 100 years in the Bourchiers' possession, the estate passed in 1827 to the Rev. William Henry Dawnay, the future 6th Viscount Downe, a distant relative. He died in 1846 and left the house to his second son, Payan, who was High Sheriff for 1851. The house was neglected, prompting fears that it might have to be demolished. In 1916 however, a wealthy heiress, Enid Scudamore-Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield, bought it and immediately set about its restoration, filling it with furnishings and paintings from her ancestral home, Holme Lacy. During the Second World War the hall was occupied by the Royal Air Force.
Lady Chesterfield died in 1957 and in June 1958 the estate was acquired by the National Trust after it had been accepted by the government in lieu of death duties at a cost of £29,250. In partnership with the National Portrait Gallery the hall exhibits more than 100 18th-century portraits and has seven new interpretation galleries called 'Making Faces: 18th century Style'. Outside the main building there is a Victorian laundry and a walled garden with vegetable planting, the produce from which is used by the walled garden restaurant.
Elizabeth Hall1 [295] was the daughter of Francis Hall of Grantham, Leicestershire ( - ) [296] and Ursula Sherington ( - ) [297]. She and Ralph Bourchier had the following children:
| +117 | |
| +118 |
Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier, Walter_Devereux,_1st_Earl_of_Essex_from_NPG
106. Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier18,20 [1097], son of Richard Devereux [1085] and Dorothy Hastings [1096], was born on 18 September 1539 in Carmarthen Castle, Wales.18 He had the title '1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier'. He married Lettice Knollys [1101] circa 1562.18 He died on 22 September 1576 in Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland. He was buried on 26 September 1579 in Carmarthen Castle.
Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, KG (16 September 1541 – 22 September 1576), was an English nobleman and general. From 1573 until his death he fought in Ireland in connection with the Plantation of Ulster, where he ordered the massacre of Rathlin Island. He was the father of Elizabeth I's favourite of her later years, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.
Family
Walter Devereux was the eldest son of Sir Richard Devereux, who was created a Knight of the Bath on 20 February 1547 and died that same year, in the lifetime of his father, Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford. Walter Devereux's mother was Dorothy Hastings, daughter of George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon and Anne Stafford, said to have been a mistress of Henry VIII. Through his paternal ancestry he was related to the Bourchier family, to which previous Earls of Essex had belonged:[a] John Devereux, son of Walter Devereux who died at the Battle of Bosworth, married Cecily Bourchier, sister of Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex.
[a The Bourchier Earldom of Essex and Viscountancy of Bourchier went extinct with the death of Henry Bourchier in 1540. Henry’s daughter, Anne Bourchier, was repudiated by her husband, William Parr, on 17 April 1543 and her children declared bastards and incapable of inheriting. William Parr was created Earl of Essex on 23 December 1543 “with the same place and voice in Parliament as his wife’s [Anne Bourchier’s] father had in his lifetime.” Parr was attainted in 1553 whereby the Earldom of Essex and all his other honors were forfeited. William Parr died 28 October 1570 and Anne Bourchier 28 January 1570/1, and both lacked legitimate heirs causing these titles to go extinct.]
Career
On his grandfather's death, Devereux became on 27 September 1558 the 2nd Viscount Hereford and 10th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. He was entrusted with joint custody of the Queen of Scots in 1568, and appointed Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire in 1569 (which he held through the end of his life). Devereux provided signal service in suppressing the Northern Rebellion of 1569, serving as high marshal of the field under the Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick and Lord Clinton. For his zeal in the service of Queen Elizabeth I on this and other occasions, he was made a knight of the Garter on 17 June 1572 and was created Earl of Essex and Ewe, and Viscount Bourchier on 4 May 1572.[ The titles assumed by the 1st Earl of the Devereux family are attributed to his son in the act of restoration, which recites that “the said Robert, late Earl of Essex, before his said attainder, was lawfully and rightly invested … with the name, state, place, and dignity of Earl of Essex and Ewe, Viscount Hereford and Bourchier, Lord Ferrers of Chartley, and Lord Bourchier and Louvaine.”]
Eager to give proof of "his good devotion to employ himself in the service of her Majesty," he offered on certain conditions to subdue or colonise, at his own expense, a portion of the Irish province of Ulster. At that time, Ulster was completely under the dominion of the O'Neills, led by Sir Brian MacPhelim and Turlough Luineach, and of the Scots led by Sorley Boy MacDonnell. His offer, with certain modifications, was accepted. He set sail for Ireland in July 1573, accompanied by a number of earls, knights and gentlemen, and with a force of about 1200 men.
His enterprise had an inauspicious beginning; a storm dispersed his fleet and drove some of his vessels as far as Cork and the Isle of Man. His forces did not all reach the place of rendezvous till late in the autumn, and he was compelled to entrench himself at Belfast for the winter. Here his troops were diminished by sickness, famine and desertion to not much more than 200 men.
Intrigues of various sorts and fighting of a guerilla type followed, and Essex had difficulties both with his deputy Fitzwilliam and with the Queen. He was in dire straits, and his offensive movements in Ulster took the form of raids and brutal massacres among the O'Neills. In October 1574, he treacherously captured MacPhelim at a conference in Belfast, and after slaughtering his attendants, had MacPhelim, his wife and brother executed at Dublin. He arrested William Piers, who had been active in driving the Scots out of Ulster, and accused him of passing military intelligence to Brian mac Phelim O'Neill. Essex ordered Piers's arrest and detention in Carrickfergus Castle in December 1574, but Piers was freed and he successfully executed Brian mac Phelim O'Neill for treason.
After encouraging Essex to prepare to attack the Irish chief Tirlogh Luineach, apparently at the instigation of the earl of Leicester, the queen suddenly commanded him to "break off his enterprise." However, she left him a certain discretionary power, and he took advantage of that to defeat Turlogh Luineach and chastise County Antrim. He also massacred several hundreds of Sorley Boy's following, chiefly women and children, who had hidden in the caves of Rathlin Island in the face of an amphibious assault led by Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Norreys.
He returned to England at the end of 1575, resolved "to live henceforth an untroubled life." He was however persuaded to accept the offer of the queen to make him Earl Marshal of Ireland. He arrived in Dublin in September 1576, but died three weeks later of dysentery. It was suspected that he had been poisoned at the behest of the Earl of Leicester, who married his widow two years later. A post-mortem was carried out and concluded that Essex had died of natural causes. He was succeeded in the Earldom of Essex by his son Robert.
above from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Devereux,_1st_Earl_of_Essex
~~~
English nobleman, was the eldest son of Sir Richard Devereux and Lady Dorothy Hastings. His grandfather was the 2nd Baron Ferrers, who was created Viscount Hereford in 1550 and by his mother was a nephew of Henry Bourchier, a former earl of Essex. Walter Devereux succeeded as 2nd Viscount Hereford in 1558, and in 1561 or 1562 married Lettice, dau. of Sir Francis Knollys. In 1569 he served as high marshal of the field under the Earl of Warwick and Lord Clinton, and materially assisted them in suppressing the northern insurrection.
For his zeal in the service of Elizabeth I on this and other occasions, he in 1572 received the Garter and was created earl of Essex, the title which formerly belonged to the Bourchier family.
Eager to give proof of "his good devotion to employ himself in the service of her majesty", he offered on certain conditions to subdue or colonize, at his own expense, a portion of the Irish province of Ulster, at that time completely under the dominion of the rebel O'Neills, under Sir Brian MacPhelim and Turlough Luineach, with the Scots under their leader Sorley Boy MacDonnell. His offer, with certain modifications, was accepted, and he set sail for Ireland in Jul 1573, accompanied by a number of earls, knights and gentlemen, and with a force of about 1200 men.
The beginning of his enterprise was inauspicious, for on account of a storm which dispersed his fleet and drove some of his vessels as far as Cork and the Isle of Man, his forces did not all reach the place of rendezvous till late in the autumn, and he was compelled to entrench himself at Belfast for the winter. Here his troops were diminished to little more than 200 men by sickness, famine and desertions.
Intrigues of various sorts, and fighting of a guerilla type, followed with disappointing results, and Essex had difficulties both with the deputy Fitzwilliam and with the Queen. Essex was in dire straits himself, and his offensive movements in Ulster took the form of raids and brutal massacres among the O'Neills; in Oct 1574 he treacherously captured MacPhelim at a conference in Belfast, and after slaughtering his attendants had him and his wife and brother executed at Dublin.
Elizabeth, instigated apparently by Leicester, after encouraging Essex to prepare to attack the Irish chief Tirlogh Luineach, suddenly commanded him to "break off his enterprise"; but as she left him a certain discretionary power, he took advantage of it to defeat Tirlogh Luineach, chastise Antrim, and massacre several hundreds of Sorley Boy's following, chiefly women and children, discovered hiding in the caves of Rathlin.
He returned to England in the end of 1575, resolved "to live henceforth an untroubled life"; but he was ultimately persuaded to accept the offer of the Queen to make him earl marshal of Ireland. He arrived in Dublin in Sep 1576, and three weeks afterwards died of dysentery. There were suspicions that he had been poisoned by Leicester, who shortly after his death married his widow, but these were not confirmed by the post-mortem examination. The endeavours of Essex to better the condition of Ireland were a dismal failure; and the massacres of the O'Neills and of the Scots of Rathlin leave a dark stain on his reputation.
Essex during his time in Ireland also came to own large estates, including a residence at Durhamstown Castle, a small converted tower house outside Navan in County Meath.
above from http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/WalterDevereux(1EEssex).htm
~~~.
Lettice Knollys18 [1101] and Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier had the following children:
| +119 | |
| +120 | |
| +121 | |
| +122 | |
| +123 |
107. Elizabeth Devereux [1098] was the daughter of Richard Devereux [1085] and Dorothy Hastings [1096].
108. George Devereux [1099], son of Richard Devereux [1085] and Dorothy Hastings [1096], was born circa 1543 in Carmarthen Castle.18
109. Ann Devereux [1100] was the daughter of Richard Devereux [1085] and Dorothy Hastings [1096].
110. Walter Devereux18 [1094] was the son of Edward Devereux [1086].
111. George Devereux [1095] was the son of Edward Devereux [1086].
112. William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath1 [427], son of John Bourchier - 5th Baron Fitzwaryn [412] and Frances Kytson [426], was born circa 1556. He had the title '3rd Earl of Bath'.1 He married Mary Cornwallis [428] on 15 December 1578.1 He died on 12 July 1623.1 He was buried in Tawstock.1 He married Elizabeth Russell [429].
Mary Cornwallis was the daughter of Thomas Cornwallis and Anne Jerningham. She secretly married, on 15 Dec 1578, William Bourchier, Earl of Bath, though the connivance of her brother-in-law, Sir Thomas Kytson, who was the young earl's uncle. The marriage was later repudiated, according to some sources because the earl's mother, Frances Kytson, by then remarried to William Barnaby, would not consent to the match. A trial over the matter was instituted in May 1590 and the marriage was annulled on 28 Apr 1581. In 1582, Bourchier married Elizabeth Russell, daughter of the Earl of Bedford. Mary, however, did not accept this turn of events. She continued to style herself countess of Bath for the rest of her life and to stir up controversy over the matter. It was still a hot button issue in 1600, when poet Francis Davison, who had a connection to the Russell family, published his "Answer to Mrs. Mary Cornwallis". Included in Davison's account of the affair were charges that Mary had "lived an incontinent and lewd life" and had borne a child to her lover, one Francis Southwell, before she seduced William Bourchier into agreeing to marry her. On the other side of the argument, Sir Thomas Kyston left his sister-in-law £300 in his will in Jun 1601 and included in it a statement of his belief that she was the rightful Countess of Bath.
from http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BOURCHIER1.htm#John BOURCHIER (5º B. Fitzwaryn)
~~~~~~~~~~.
dau. of Thomas Cornwallis and Anne Jerningham - issue 2 sons.1
Elizabeth Russell1 [429] had the title 'Countess of Bath'.1 She and William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath had the following children:
| +124 | |
| +125 | |
| +126 | |
| +127 | |
| +128 |
113. Henry Bourchier1 [442] was the son of Henry Bourchier [413].
114. John Bourchier1 [443] was the son of Henry Bourchier [413].
115. Thomas Bourchier [445] was the son of George Bourchier [414] and Martha Howard [444].
116. Henry Bourchier - 5th Earl of Bath1 [446], son of George Bourchier [414] and Martha Howard [444], was born circa 1587.1 He had the title '5th Earl of Bath'.1 He married Rachel Fane [447] on 18 December 1638 in London, England.1 He died on 16 August 1654.
dau. of Francis Fane, 1º E. Westmoreland, and Mary Mildmay.1
117. William Bourchier1 [299], son of Ralph Bourchier [294] and Elizabeth Hall [295], was born in 1559 in Benningborough, Yorkshire, England. He married Katherine Barrington [304] circa 1584 in Barrington Hall, Yorkshire, England.1 He died.21
Eventually mentally deranged. Eldest son.
~~~~~~~~~
Tim Powys-Lybbe writes:
I have a copy of the National Trust guide to Beningbrough Hall, nr York, England. The Bourchiers used to own the Hall and the guide has a family tree at the end. This tree shows:
(a) That William Bourchier (1559-1584) married Katherine Barrington, daughter of Sir Thomas Barrington.
(b) They had a son Sir John Bourchier (d.1659) who was a parliamentarian and regicide.
(c) That the ownership of the estate passed through Sir John's son Barrington Bourchier and continued in the Bourchier family until the mid 1750s when the male Bourchier line died out.
The regicide Bourchier would have escaped any punishment because he died just before the Restoration.
There is absolutely no sign or possibility of the Bourchiers changing their name.
It may be worth adding that the Barringtons were also a strong Parliamentarian family. Sir Thomas' great-grandson, Sir John Barrington, was undoubtedly invited to join in the trial of Charles I but retired from politics rather than do this.
But Sir Thomas' son Francis married Joan Cromwell, aunt of the Protector who very definitely did sign the execution warrant.
And is it worth mentioning that politics apart, the first of these Sir Thomas Barringtons married Winifred Pole, an unfortunate lady who had had her father, her grandmother, her great-uncle, her great-grandfather all executed in the Tower by the order of various sovereigns. And her only brother was undoubtedly imprisoned in the Tower as a boy of around 10 and either died or was also executed there. Might not she have harboured some bitterness that was passed on to her descendants and relatives?
--
Tim Powys-Lybbe
For a patchwork of bygones: www.powys.org.
Katherine Barrington1 [304], daughter of Sir Thomas Barrington (1518-1581) [1002] and Winifred Pole (1525-1601) [1003], was born in 1565 in Essex.5 She died in 1630.5
see http://powys.org/barringtons/Barr.pdf.
Katherine Barrington and William Bourchier had the following children:
| +129 | |
| +130 | |
| +131 | |
| +132 | |
| +133 | |
| +134 |
118. John Bourchier1 [300], son of Ralph Bourchier [294] and Elizabeth Hall [295], was born circa 1560 in Benningborough.1 He died in April 1625 in Lambeth Parish, Surrey, England.1 He married Elizabeth Verney [301]. He married Elizabeth Wentworth [1064].
Elizabeth Verney [301] and John Bourchier had the following children:
| +135 |
119. Penelope Devereux18,20 [1102], daughter of Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier [1097] and Lettice Knollys [1101], married Robert Rich [1109].
Robert Devereux, Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex_by_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger
120. Sir Robert Devereux18,20 [1103], son of Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier [1097] and Lettice Knollys [1101], was born on 10 November 1565 in Netherwood near Bromyard, Herefordshire, England. He had the title '2nd Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier'. He died on 25 February 1601 in Tower of London, London, England. He married Frances Walsingham [1107]. He and Elizabeth Southwell [1115] were an unmarried couple.
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG PC (/ˈdɛvəˌruː/; 10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I. Politically ambitious, and a committed general, he was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during the Nine Years' War in 1599. In 1601, he led an abortive coup d'état against the government and was executed for treason.
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex where there is a very interesting article about him.
Frances Walsingham20 [1107] and Robert Devereux had the following children:
| +136 | |
| +137 | |
| +138 |
Elizabeth Southwell [1115] and Robert Devereux had the following children:
| +139 |
121. Dorothy Devereux20 [1104], daughter of Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier [1097] and Lettice Knollys [1101], married Henry Percy [1110].
Henry Percy20 [1110] had the title '9th Earl of Northumberland'.
122. Walter Devereux18,20 [1105], son of Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier [1097] and Lettice Knollys [1101], died in 1591.20 He married Margaret Daykyns [1108].
He was killed at the siege of Rouen in 1591.20
123. Francis Devereux20 [1106] was the son of Walter Devereux - 1st Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier [1097] and Lettice Knollys [1101].
died in infancy.20
124. Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath [430], son of William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath [427] and Elizabeth Russell [429], had the title '4th Earl of Bath'.1 He married Dorothy St John [435] on 14 July 1623 in Halstead, Essex, England.1 He died on 2 March 1636.1
Dorothy St John1 [435] and Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath had the following children:
| +140 | |
| +141 | |
| +142 | |
| +143 | |
| +144 |
125. Richard Bourchier - Baron Fitzwaryn1 [431], son of William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath [427] and Elizabeth Russell [429], had the title 'Baron Fitzwaryn'.1
126. Frances Bourchier1 [432] was the son of William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath [427] and Elizabeth Russell [429].
127. Robert Bourchier1 [433] was the son of William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath [427] and Elizabeth Russell [429].
128. John Bourchier1 [434] was the son of William Bourchier - 3rd Earl of Bath [427] and Elizabeth Russell [429].
129. Robert Bourchier1 [305], son of William Bourchier [299] and Katherine Barrington [304], died in 1606.1
unmarried.
130. Thomas Bourchier1 [306], son of William Bourchier [299] and Katherine Barrington [304], married Elizabeth Pickering [307].
131. Anne Bourchier1 [308] was the daughter of William Bourchier [299] and Katherine Barrington [304].
132. Winifred Bourchier1 [309] was the daughter of William Bourchier [299] and Katherine Barrington [304].
133. Elizabeth Bourchier1 [310] was the daughter of William Bourchier [299] and Katherine Barrington [304].
John Bourchier - the regicide, Bourchier,John(Sir) regicide
134. Sir John Bourchier - the regicide1 [311], son of William Bourchier [299] and Katherine Barrington [304], was born circa 1591 in Benningborough, Yorkshire, England.1 He was born circa 1595.1 He had the title 'REGICIDE !'. He married Anne Rolfe [312] in 1617 in Hadley, Suffolk, England.5 He died on 5 December 1659 in London, England.1,5 He died in 1660.1
regicide; Member of Parliament for Ripon, 1645; one of Charles I's judges, 1648; signed death-warrant; member of Council of State, 1651 and 1652; surrendered as regicide, 1660, but died before settlement of exceptions to Act of Indemnity.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bourchier_%28regicide%29
"
Sir John Bourchier or Bourcher (c. 1595 – August 1660) was an English parliamentarian, Puritan and one of the regicides of King Charles I.
John Bourchier was the son of William Bourchier of Beningbrough and grandson of Sir Ralph Bourchier. He was probably educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, and was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1609/10. He was knighted in 1609.[1]
In 1625, Bourchier was appointed as a Justice of the Peace for the three Yorkshire Ridings. When Charles dissolved Parliament and sought to raise money through the forced loans in 1627, Sir John was one of those who refused. At the outbreak of the English Civil War, he was arrested and imprisoned in York until 1643. He was elected Member of Parliament for Ripon in 1647; at Pride's Purge, he was one of the MPs permitted to keep his seat in Commons.
As a judge at the trial of King Charles, he was one of the signatories of the King's death warrant. After the Restoration, May 1660, Bourchier was too ill to be tried as a regicide, and died, unrepentant, a few months later.
"During these contests between the two Houses, toufhing the exceptions to be made, Sir John Bourchier, who had been one of the King's judges, and had rendered himself within the time limit by the proclamation, being of a great age and very infirm, was permitted to lodge at a private house belonging to one of his daugheters. In this place he was seized with so dangerous a fit of illness, that those about him who were his nearest relations, despairing of his recovery, and presuming that an acknowledgment from him of his sorrow, for the part he had in the condemnation of the King, might tend to procure some favour to them from those in power, they earnestly pressed him to give them that satisfaction. But he being highly displeased with their request, rose suddenly from his chair, which for some days he had not been able to do without assistance; and receiving fresh vigour from the memory of that action, said, 'I tell you, it was a just act; God and all good men will own it.' And having thus expressed himself, he sat down again, and soon after quietly ended his life."[2]
Bourchier was a great-grandson of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury who had been beheaded by order of King Henry VIII; Charles I was a great-great-grandson of Margaret Tudor-a sister of King Henry VIII. He was the great-great-great-grandson of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, who was known as the "Kingmaker" for helping to place both Edward IV and Henry VI upon the throne during the War of the Roses.
"
from http://bcw-project.org/biography/sir-john-bourchier
"
Yorkshire Puritan who signed the King's death warrant and died unrepentant before being brought to trial as a regicide.
John Bourchier was the eldest surviving son of William Bourchier of Beningborough in Yorkshire, who was certified a lunatic in 1598, after which Bourchier was brought up under the wardship of his mother and uncle. After attending Cambridge and Gray's Inn, he was knighted in 1619 and appointed Justice of the Peace for all three Yorkshire Ridings in 1625.
A devout Puritan, Bourchier refused to pay the forced loans demanded by King Charles I in 1627, and clashed with the Council of the North in a dispute over royal enclosures in the Forest of Galtres near York in 1633, for which he was heavily fined. When King Charles summoned the Yorkshire gentry to attend him on Heworth Moor in June 1642, Bourchier argued violently with the Royalist Lord Savile. On the outbreak of civil war, he was arrested and imprisoned at York until June 1643. He made his way to Hull, where he was involved in the arrest of Sir John Hotham and his son.
In the spring of 1647, Bourchier was elected MP for Ripon and was one of the Members allowed to retain their seats after Pride's Purge in 1648. He sat as one of the King's judges and signed the death warrant. During the Commonwealth, he was active on various committees and was appointed a Trier and Ejector in 1654. Too ill to be brought to trial as a regicide, Bourchier died unrepentant in August 1660.
".
Anne Rolfe1 [312] and John Bourchier - the regicide had the following children:
| +145 | |
| +146 | |
| +147 |
135. Mary Bourchier [302], daughter of John Bourchier [300] and Elizabeth Verney [301], was born circa 1598.1 She married Jabez Whitaker [303] circa 1616.1
Robert Devereux, Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex
Spouse: Frances Howard - Countess of Essex, Countess of Somerset, Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset
136. Robert Devereux [1111], son of Sir Robert Devereux [1103] and Frances Walsingham [1107], was born on 11 January 1591.22 He had 0 children. He had the title '3rd Earl of Essex, Baron Bourchier'. He died on 14 September 1646.22 He married Frances Howard - Countess of Essex, Countess of Somerset [1116]. He married Elizabeth Paulet [1117].
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex KB PC (11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the seventeenth century. With the start of the English Civil War in 1642 he became the first Captain-General and Chief Commander of the Parliamentarian army, also known as the Roundheads. However, he was unable and unwilling to score a decisive blow against the Royalist army of King Charles I. He was eventually overshadowed by the ascendancy of Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax and resigned his commission in 1646.
Robert Devereux was the son and heir of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, the courtier and soldier from the later reign of Queen Elizabeth I. His mother was Frances Walsingham (1569–1631), the only daughter of Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's spymaster. He was born at the home of his grandmother, Lady Walsingham, in Seething Lane, London.[1]
He was educated at Eton College and Merton College, Oxford,[1] being created MA by the university in 1605.[2]
The 2nd Earl led an unsuccessful rebellion against Elizabeth in 1601. He was subsequently executed for treason and the family lost its title. However, King James I chose to restore it after he became King of England. In 1604, Robert Devereux became the 3rd Earl of Essex. The young earl became a close friend of Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales, who was three years Essex's junior.
Essex was married at age 13 to the 14-year-old Frances Howard; he was then sent on a European tour from 1607 to 1609, apparently without having consummated the marriage. Meanwhile, his wife began an affair with Robert Carr, Viscount Rochester, a favourite of King James I. After Essex's return, Frances sought an annulment on the grounds of impotence. Essex claimed that he was only impotent with her and had been perfectly capable with other women, adding that she "reviled him, and miscalled him, terming him a cow and coward, and beast."[3] The divorce was a public spectacle and it made Essex a laughing-stock at court. It was small comfort that the finding that Frances was still a virgin was greeted with equal derision: as a popular ballad put it The Dame was inspected, but fraud interjected a Maid of greater perfection. The annulment was granted on 25 September 1613, and Frances Howard married her lover, who had been made 1st Earl of Somerset, on 26 December 1613. Three years later the Somersets were tried by a panel of Lords for their part in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury; Essex sat as a juror in the trial of his former wife and pressed the King to send her to the scaffold.[4] Both were condemned to death, but the sentence was never carried out.
On 11 March 1630 Essex married Elizabeth Pawlett, daughter of Sir William Pawlett, of Edington, Wiltshire, past High Sheriff of Wiltshire and cousin of William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester. Elizabeth was introduced at Court during the Great Parliament of 1628/29 just after her father died, as the eldest unmarried daughter needing to marry to improve her family prospects. Back from travels in military service on the Continent (see below) Robert was also pressured to marry again (and quickly) to show the Court the humiliation from his first marriage could be overcome. This marriage was also a disaster and failed, though not as publicly. They separated in 1631, the Countess remaining at Essex House in The Strand, London, Robert "playing soldiers" at his estates.
There was a son from the union, Robert, styled Viscount Hereford, who was born on 5 November 1636 and died of plague a month later.[5] Essex, who had given the birth date as a deadline beyond which he would have disowned the child,[5] grudgingly acknowledged him as his own; however, the father was widely suspected by the Court to be Elizabeth's alleged lover, Sir Thomas Uvedale (from the alleged prompting of William Seymour, 1st Marquess of Hertford, Robert's brother-in-law who leased part of Essex House in London, and expected to inherit if Robert had no issue). Elizabeth, through her funeral oration (years later) by her second husband Sir Thomas Higgons vigorously denied this. It has recently been suggested that Essex suffered from male hormone deficiency, leading to failure to consummate his first marriage and produce an heir in his second.[6] However, portraits of Essex show him with a prolific growth of facial hair. He also had a tendency to aggression leading to quarrels and threats of duels. Both these characteristics are counter-indicative of hypogonadism.
Military career: 1620-1640[edit]
In 1620 Essex embarked on what was to be an undistinguished military career prior to the start of the First English Civil War. Between 1620 and 1624 he served in Protestant armies in Germany and the Low Countries. In 1620 he joined Sir Horace Vere's expedition to defend the Palatine. In 1621 he served with Prince Maurice of Nassau, in 1622 with Count Ernst von Mansfeld (battle of Fleurus, 29 August 1622).[7] In 1624 he commanded a regiment in the unsuccessful campaign to relieve the siege of Breda.
In 1625, under Sir Edward Cecil, he commanded a squadron as vice-admiral and as colonel a foot regiment in the failed English expedition to Cadiz.[8]
Despite the lack of distinction, this period of his life gave him a good working knowledge of continental war methods and strategies, even if most of his own experience was limited to defensive operations. Every drive he made to recruit volunteers for these expeditions was successful, such was the loyalty he could command.[8]
Following a period of little distinguished activity in the 1630s, Essex, who had been made Knight of the Bath in 1638,[9] served in the army of King Charles I during the first Scottish Bishops' War in 1639 as Lieutenant-General of the army in the North of England.[2] However he was denied a command in the second, which took place in 1640. This pushed him further into the arms of the growing number of the King's opponents in Parliament.
Role in starting the English Civil War: 1640-1642[edit]
Robert Devereux's opposition to the Stuart monarchy as a leader of the Country party in the House of Lords was established in the 1620s along with the Earls of Oxford, Southampton, Warwick, Lords Say, and Spencer.[10] During one exchange the animosity of King James was evident when he said, "I fear thee not, Essex, if thou wert as well beloved as thy father, and hadst 40,000 men at thy heels."[11]
When King James' son, Charles convened the Short Parliament in 1640 he had ruled without Parliament for 11 years. He was forced to call another one to raise money to fight insurgencies in Scotland and Ireland. However, many Parliamentarians sought to use the new Parliament to bring the King to account. Relations between Charles and his Parliament quickly broke down.
Essex was a strong Protestant and he had a reputation for being one of the puritan nobles in the House of Lords. He was friends with John Pym, one of the strongest critics of Charles in the House of Commons during the Short Parliament and its successor the Long Parliament.
In 1641, Parliament passed a Bill of Attainder against the King's minister Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford who was fiercely loyal to Charles. This resulted in Strafford's execution: of all Strafford's enemies Essex was perhaps the most implacable, dismissing appeals for mercy with the proverb Stone dead hath no fellow. In an attempt at reconciliation with Parliament, Charles gave royal assent to the Bill of Attainder and invited leading Parliamentary critics to join his Privy Council.
Essex supported the action against Strafford and was appointed to the Privy Council. He was made Captain General of the royal armed forces south of the River Trent in February and was made Lord Chamberlain in July. However, the relationship between Charles and his Parliament deteriorated further.
On 4 January 1642, Charles went to the House of Commons to arrest Pym and four other members for their alleged treason. Essex had tipped off the five members about what the King was planning to do. Charles was humiliated when he entered the House of Commons only to find that the five members had fled. In that same month Essex began to absent himself from Charles's court. In April he was dismissed from the office of Lord Chamberlain when he failed to join the King at York. His position as Captain-General of the southern forces was deemed to have lapsed.
As the unprecedented prospect of a military confrontation between the King and Parliament grew, on 4 July 1642 Parliament voted to create a Committee of Safety consisting of ten Members of the House of Commons and five peers, of which Essex was one alongside the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Pembroke, the Earl of Holland and Viscount Saye and Sele. Pym, John Hampden and Denzil Holles were the leading members of the committee from the Commons. This committee was supposed to act as a bridge between Members of Parliament and the armed forces supporting them in the field. At this point these armies primarily consisted of regional defence militias and city trained bands who were sympathetic to the Parliamentary cause.
On 12 July Parliament went one step further and voted to raise an army of its own. As one of the few English nobles with any military experience, Essex was chosen to lead it. The Parliamentary ordinance that was passed proclaimed Essex to be: "Captain-General and Chief Commander of the Army appointed to be raised, and of all other Forces of the Kingdom...and that he the said Earl shall have and enjoy all Power, Titles, Preheminence, Authority, Jurisdiction, and Liberties, incident and belonging to the said Office of Captain-General, throughout the whole Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales, in as large and ample a Manner as any other General of an Army in this Kingdom hath lawfully used exercised, and enjoyed." [12] He accepted the commission. Parliament also bolstered his territorial power by reappointing him Lord Lieutenant of the counties of Yorkshire and Staffordshire, and appointing him that of Montgomeryshire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire.[2]
Role in the First English Civil War: 1642-1646
Essex had been put in a difficult position in 1642. Parliament had voted to raise an army to counter the Royalist one Charles was leading but it was collectively unsure about how to conduct it. This state of affairs was unprecedented in English history. Parliamentarians wanted to make a deal with the King on their terms but they did not want to commit treason.
The Parliamentary ordinance that commissioned Essex to his post of Captain-General gave him the task of "preserving the Safety of his Majesty's Person". It did not specifically instruct him to engage the King in battle as this would have been treason. It conveniently blamed the brewing troubles on those surrounding the King rather than Charles himself, specifically "the cunning practice of Papists, and malicious Counsels of divers ill-affected Persons, inciting his Majesty to raise men." It also bound Essex to, "execute the Office of Captain-General, in such Manner, and according to such Instructions, as he shall, from Time to Time, receive from both Houses of Parliament," which was inevitably going to be a constraint on his ability to command an army. All these elements were a weight on the mind of Essex. It is to his credit that he was actually able to raise an army that was capable of fighting the royalist forces in battle.
On 22 August 1642, Charles raised his standard at Nottingham Castle. This was a symbolic declaration of war against Parliament. It was clear from this point onwards that the two armies would engage in battle at some point, starting the English Civil War. However the majority of those supporting Parliament were still fearful of committing treason against the King and this inhibited them in the early years of the conflict. They were also well aware that an agreement with Charles would be necessary to achieve the future settlement of the kingdom once the war was over. A republican settlement was not the objective of the Parliamentary army at this point or during Essex's lifetime. This inevitably gave Charles the upper hand at first.
Royalist MPs gradually filtered away from parliament during 1642. They later joined a rival Parliament set up by the King in Oxford (see the Oxford Parliament). The remnants of the Long Parliament gradually split into two camps. One wished to defeat the King in battle. The other, known as the peace party, wanted to force Charles to the negotiating table rather than defeat him. Pym led the "middle group", which sought to maintain good relations between the two.
Essex's commitment to the Parliamentary cause never wavered. However, his sympathies lay with the peace party throughout the conflict. This undermined his effectiveness as a military leader.
The Battle of Edgehill, 23 October 1642
Main article: Battle of Edgehill
Following several minor skirmishes, the first major engagement between the two armies took place at the Battle of Edgehill on 23 October 1642. Both sides had raised impressive armies. Essex's life guard included Henry Ireton, Charles Fleetwood, Thomas Harrison, Nathaniel Rich, Edmund Ludlow, Matthew Tomlinson and Francis Russell, all of whom played a leading role in the civil war and its aftermath. But a degree of amateurism and bad discipline was evident on both sides during the battle.
Following a brief exchange of artillery fire, the battle began with a Royalist cavalry charge led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine. A second Royalist cavalry charge followed, led by Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester. Both the right and left flanks of the Parliamentarian horse were scattered. The Royalist cavalry, with their eye on the baggage train, unwisely chose to pursue the fleeing Parliamentarian horsemen. But Essex had kept two cavalry regiments in reserve. As the rival infantry divisions engaged in combat, with Essex fighting alongside his troops with a pike,[13] the two remaining Parliamentarian cavalry regiments made a devastating attack on the exposed Royalist foot soldiers.
Both sides incurred heavy losses and the battle ended in stalemate after Rupert's cavalry returned to stop a rout. Both armies spent the night in the field before Essex withdrew the Parliamentarians to Warwick the next day.
This battle and its aftermath portrayed the strengths and weaknesses in Essex's military mindset. His planning and leadership had allowed the Parliamentarian forces to stand their ground. However, his defensive caution and his unwillingness to engage the enemy led to his army being outmanoeuvered. Although Essex had begun his military preparations in London, prior to the battle Charles had been able to position his army in between the Parliamentarian forces and London. This left the road to London open to Charles at the end of the battle. The King had also been able to engage Essex's army before the Parliamentarians were at full strength. On the day of the battle, Essex was still waiting for the arrival of John Hampden's two cavalry regiments and most of the Parliamentary artillery.
Luckily for Essex, Charles did not take much advantage of this superior position. The King chose to make an assault on London with his army at full strength, as he too was awaiting the arrival of more soldiers from around the country. This allowed Essex and his army to make a break for London via Watling Street. Essex arrived back in London to a hero's welcome on 7 November, before Charles was able to get there.
The Battle of Brentford and the Battle of Turnham Green, 12–13 November 1642[edit]
Main articles: Battle of Brentford (1642) and Battle of Turnham Green
On 12 November Rupert's Royalist army engaged in their first major assault in preparation for a march on London. A small Parliamentarian garrison suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Brentford. The Royalists proceeded to sack the town. This galvanised sentiment in the City of London against a Royalist occupation.
On 13 November, Essex was able to muster 24,000 men for the Battle of Turnham Green, including the remnants of the Edgehill army and the City trained bands, as well as apprentices and militiamen from Hertfordshire, Essex and Surrey.
Charles, with much smaller forces, did not engage in battle. His army retreated with only a handful of shots fired.
Essex and Major-General Phillip Skippon were key to this display of force by placing their soldiers in effective defensive positions and by keeping up morale.
By the end of 1642, Essex’s forces were the weaker side against the Royalists. But the Parliamentarians had the sympathy of the Scots and there were thousands of other troops ready to join their cause around the country. The scene was set for a long conflict.
The First Battle of Newbury, 20 September 1643[edit]
After a long winter break, Essex's army captured and occupied Reading on 26 April 1643 following a 10-day siege. Progress towards the King's base at Oxford after this was slow. Some began to question the willingness of Essex to lead the Parliamentarians to victory in the developing civil war.
The fluctuating performance of his army in 1643 was in contrast to the ascendancy of the Eastern Association. This was an alliance of pro-Parliament militiamen from Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Lincolnshire commanded by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester. One of their cavalry commanders was Oliver Cromwell. The Eastern Association established itself as a formidable fighting force in 1643, thanks in a large part to Cromwell's regiment, who became known as the 'Ironsides'.
Nonetheless, 1643 was a good year overall for Essex's army. In what was perhaps his finest hour, on 20 September, Essex’s forces came off as the stronger side in the First Battle of Newbury. Despite not winning a decisive victory, the Parliamentarians forced the Royalists to withdraw to Oxford. This gave the Parliamentary army a clear road between Reading and London.
The Lostwithiel Campaign, June–September 1644[edit]
Main article: Battle of Lostwithiel
1644 proved to be the turning point in the First English Civil War. In February an alliance with the Scots was consolidated with the creation of the Committee of Both Kingdoms, to which Essex was appointed. This replaced the Committee of Safety. It gave the Parliamentarians an edge over the Royalists for the first time.
However the year also saw the increasing polarisation of the Parliamentary alliance between the peace party and those who wished to defeat the King in battle. The death of Pym in December 1643 led to the demise of the middle group and also deprived Essex of a key ally in the House of Commons. A confrontation between the two sides became inevitable.
On 2 July 1644, Parliamentary commanders Lord Fairfax, Lord Leven and the Earl of Manchester defeated Royalist forces at the Battle of Marston Moor. The conduct of Cromwell, participating with the Eastern Association, was decisive in the victory.
Simultaneously, Essex pursued his campaign to conquer the West Country. This was a strange move and it was made against the advice of the Committee of Both Kingdoms. There was some sympathy for the Parliamentary cause in Devon and Dorset. But in Cornwall there was practically no support for the Parliamentarians at all.
Although the campaign started well, Essex's army were forced to surrender in September at Lostwithiel after they were outmanoeuvred by the Royalists. The Earl himself escaped in a fishing boat to avoid humiliation. He left the task of surrendering to Skippon.
End of military career[edit]
The Lostwithiel campaign proved to be the end of Essex's military career. His army participated in the Second Battle of Newbury on 27 October. However, the Earl was sick in Reading at the time. His conduct in the West Country had frustrated Cromwell, now the most prominent member of the House of Commons following his military victories and the deaths of Hampden and Pym.
Cromwell had become embroiled in a feud with the Earl of Manchester, who was still his superior officer in the Eastern Association. Essex and Manchester remained sympathetic to the peace party, while Cromwell had emerged as the leading voice in the campaign to fight a more aggressive war against Charles. Following a month of Parliamentary arguments between Manchester and Cromwell, with the former speaking in the House of Lords and the latter making his attacks in the House of Commons, the scene was set for a showdown.
On 19 December 1644 the first Self-Denying Ordinance was approved by the House of Commons. This proposed that all members of the House of Commons and the House of Lords be barred from exercising military commands. This was rejected by the Lords on 13 January 1645. However on 21 January the Commons passed the New Model Ordinance. This was a proposal to create a united Parliamentary army. It was approved by the Lords on 15 February. Over a month of negotiations ensued between the Commons and the Lords concerning who was going to command this army.
On 2 April, Essex and Manchester gave way and resigned their commissions. The next day a revised Self-Denying Ordinance was approved by the House of Lords. This discharged members of both Houses from military commands but did not reject the possibility of their future reappointment. Although Essex still had many supporters in Parliament, he had enough opponents to block his re-emergence as a military leader at this stage.
These reforms led to the creation of the New Model Army led by Sir Thomas Fairfax, son of the victorious Lord Fairfax at the Battle of Marston Moor. Cromwell was swiftly appointed to the post of Lieutenant-General, Fairfax's second-in-command.
Death and funeral[edit]
For the rest of his days Essex was associated with the emerging presbyterian faction in Parliament. One of his last political battles was his involvement with a plan to build up Edward Massey’s Western Association into an army capable of counterbalancing the New Model Army. Massey had been one of the few Parliamentary commanders to retain an independent commission when the New Model Army was formed. However, this plan failed when Parliament disbanded Massey’s army in October 1646.
In 1645, Essex was given Somerhill House near Tonbridge, Kent, which had been sequestrated by Parliament from Ulick Burke following the Battle of Naseby.[14] On 1 December that year Parliament voted for him to be created a Duke[15] but no elevation in his peerage followed.
The Earl of Essex died in September 1646 without an heir. After hunting in Windsor forest he had a stroke on the 10th and died in London, at Essex House, four days later, aged fifty-five.[16] The earldom died with him, until it was revived in 1661 for Arthur Capel. His death not only weakened the presbyterian faction in Parliament, it also began the decline of the influence of the nobles who supported the Parliamentary cause. His viscountcy devolved on Walter Devereux, who was a younger grandson of the 1st viscount and cousin to the 1st earl of Essex.
His death led to a large display of mourning. Parliament contributed £5000 to the expenses of his funeral and he was buried in Westminster Abbey. For the occasion the chancel of the Abbey was draped in black from floor to ceiling and a funeral effigy of the earl dressed in scarlet breeches, a military buff-coat and Parliamentary robes was erected beneath a catafalque designed by Inigo Jones. This was left standing after the ceremony until a poor farmer from Dorset, said to have been a former royalist soldier,[5] hacked it down on the grounds that an angel had told him to do so.[17] The effigy was restored but Charles II ordered that it be taken down during the Restoration, although - unlike most Puritans interred in the Abbey during the Civil War and Commonwealth - his body was allowed to remain buried.[5]
see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex for his biography.
Frances Howard - Countess of Essex, Countess of Somerset22 [1116] was born on 31 May 1590.23 She had the title 'Countess of Essex' in 1604. She had the title 'Countess of Somerset' in 1613. She died on 23 August 1632.23
Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset (31 May 1590[1][2]– 23 August 1632), born Frances Howard, was an English noblewoman who was the central figure in a famous scandal and murder during the reign of King James I. She was found guilty but spared execution, and was eventually pardoned by the King and released from the Tower of London in early 1622.
She was born Frances Howard, the daughter of Lord Thomas Howard (later 1st Earl of Suffolk), and his wife, the former Catherine Knyvet. Frances' father was the second son of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, a wealthy and powerful nobleman during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk. France's maternal grandparents were Sir Henry Knyvet, of Charlton, Wiltshire, and Elizabeth Stumpe. She was the ten-times-great grandmother of the actress, Celia Imrie.[3]
Lady Frances Howard was married at the age of 14 to the 13-year-old Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex. The marriage was primarily a political union; they were separated after the wedding to prevent them from having intercourse, with the view that premature sex and pregnancy was to be avoided[citation needed]. Essex went on a European tour (from 1607 to 1609) and when he returned Frances made every effort to avoid him. He was at the time seriously ill with smallpox, but she had also fallen in love with Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset.
When she finally took the step of annulment, unable to legally represent herself, her father and uncle, Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, represented her and drew up the libel. The situation quickly attracted public attention, and was widely observed by those with "prurient minds".
She claimed that she had made every attempt to be sexually compliant for her husband, and that, through no fault of her own, she was still a virgin. She was examined by ten matrons and two midwives who found her hymen intact. It was widely rumoured at the time that Sir Thomas Monson's daughter was a substitute, which is possible because she had requested to be veiled during the examination "for modesty's sake".
The matter was a subject of mockery and ribald commentary throughout the court, including:
This Dame was inspected but Fraud interjected
A maid of more perfection
Whom the midwives did handle whilest the knight held the candle
O there was a clear inspection.[4]
In turn, Essex claimed that he was capable with other women, but was unable to consummate his marriage. According to a friend, one morning (while chatting with a group of male companions) he had stood up and lifted his nightshirt to show them his erection—proving, if nothing else, he was physically capable of arousal. When asked why only she caused his failing, he claimed that "she reviled him, and miscalled him, terming him a cow, and coward, and beast."
The idea of satanic involvement was seriously considered by the judges and at one point it was proposed that Essex should go to Poland to see if he could be "unwitched". The annulment languished and possibly would not have been granted if it were not for the king's intervention (Somerset was the favourite of King James). James I of England granted the annulment on 25 September 1613. Frances married Somerset on 26 December 1613.
Sir Thomas Overbury, a close friend and advisor of Somerset, had tried to advise Somerset not to marry Frances Howard, but he was a desirable ally for the powerful Howard family. The family managed to get Overbury imprisoned during the annulment proceedings where he died—curiously enough, the annulment went through eleven days after his death. It was revealed in court that Lady Somerset had him poisoned with the help of her waiting-woman and companion Mrs Anne Turner. The Somersets were both sent to the Tower of London, and later convicted of murder, but spared execution. Frances admitted her complicity in the crime; however, her husband maintained his innocence. They received a pardon from King James in January 1622 and were subsequently released from prison. She died 10 years later at the age of 42.
Lord and Lady Somerset had one daughter born while Frances Howard was under house arrest [4] before being taken to prison in the Tower of London. She was Lady Anne Carr, who married the 1st Duke of Bedford.
Titles from birth to death
31 May 1590 – 21 July 1603: Mistress Frances Howard
21 July 1603 – 1604: Lady Frances Howard
1604-26 December 1613: The Right Honourable The Countess of Essex
26 December 1613 – 23 August 1632: The Right Honourable The Countess of Somerset.
137. Dorothy Devereux [1112] was the daughter of Sir Robert Devereux [1103] and Frances Walsingham [1107].
138. Frances Devereux [1113] was the daughter of Sir Robert Devereux [1103] and Frances Walsingham [1107].
139. Walter Devereux [1114] was the son of Sir Robert Devereux [1103] and Elizabeth Southwell [1115].
140. Elizabeth Bourchier1 [436] was the daughter of Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath [430] and Dorothy St John [435].
141. Dorothy Bourchier1 [437], daughter of Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath [430] and Dorothy St John [435], was born on 25 September 1625.1 She married Thomas Grey [441].
142. Anne Bourchier of Tawstock1 [438] was the daughter of Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath [430] and Dorothy St John [435].
143. John Bourchier1 [439] was the son of Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath [430] and Dorothy St John [435].
144. William Bourchier1 [440] was the son of Edward Bourchier - 4th Earl of Bath [430] and Dorothy St John [435].
145. Bridget Bourchier5 [1059], daughter of Sir John Bourchier - the regicide [311] and Anne Rolfe [312], was born in 1620 in Benningborough, Yorkshire, England. She died on 12 September 1662 in Kirkby Overblow, Yorkshire, England.5 She married William Bethell [1060].
Rev. William Bethell5 [1060] occupation was recorded as a Rev. He and Bridget Bourchier had the following children:
| +148 |
146. Sir Barrington Bourchier [1001], son of Sir John Bourchier - the regicide [311] and Anne Rolfe [312], was born in 1627. He died on 29 October 1695. He was buried in Newton-on-Ouse. He married Frances Strickland [1062].
Barrington Bourchier (c 1627 - 29 October 1695) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660.
Barrington Bourchier was the son of John Bourchier of Beningborough, Yorkshire. He was admitted to Gray's Inn on 16 March 1641. In 1658 he was High Sheriff of Yorkshire. His father was a regicide and at the Restoration was attainted and had his lands forfeited. However on his father's death in 1660 Bourchier had the forfeited lands restored to him.
In 1660, Bourchier was elected Member of Parliament for Thirsk in the Convention Parliament.
Bourchier had a son also called Barrington.
References
[1] The register of admissions to Gray's inn, 1521-1889, together with the register of marriages in Gray's inn chapel, 1695-1754
[2] 'Parishes: Newton-upon-Ouse', A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 2 (1923), pp. 160-164. Date accessed: 12 April 2011
[3] History of Parliament Online - Bourchier, Barrington
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrington_Bourchier
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From Mark Noble's "Memoirs of the persons and families who by females are allied to or descended from the protectorate-House of Cromwell" pub in 1784:
"From the above marriage [Catherine Barrington to William Bourchier] sprung Barrington Bourchier, esq, of Benningborough, in Yorkshire, who was to have been a knight of the royal oak and whose estate was £1000 per annum.".
Frances Strickland [1062] was born in 1624. She died in 1676.5 She and Barrington Bourchier had the following children:
| +149 | |
| +150 |
147. Elizabeth Bourchier21 [1183], daughter of Sir John Bourchier - the regicide [311] and Anne Rolfe [312], married Gilbert Marshall of Sellerby [1184].
148. Frances Bethell5 [1061] was the daughter of Rev. William Bethell [1060] and Bridget Bourchier [1059].
149. Sir Barrington Bourchier [1073], son of Sir Barrington Bourchier [1001] and Frances Strickland [1062], was born in 1651.21 He married Judith Milbank [1163]. He married Margaret Hardwick [1165]. He married Ursula Dalton [1168].
Knighted in 1697.21
Judith Milbank21 [1163] was the daughter of Mark Milbank ( - ) [1172]. She and Barrington Bourchier had the following children:
| +151 |
Margaret Hardwick21 [1165] was the daughter of Thomas Hardwick ( - ) [1171]. She and Barrington Bourchier had the following children:
| +152 | |
| +153 |
Ursula Dalton21 [1168] was the daughter of Sir William Dalton ( - ) [1170]. She and Barrington Bourchier had the following children:
| +154 |
150. Elizabeth Bourchier [1181], daughter of Sir Barrington Bourchier [1001] and Frances Strickland [1062], married William Roberts of Sandal [1182].
151. Barrington Bourchier21 [1164], son of Sir Barrington Bourchier [1073] and Judith Milbank [1163], married Mary Compton [1173].
Mary Compton21 [1173] was the daughter of Hon. Francis Compton ( - ) [1174].
152. John Bourchier [1166], son of Sir Barrington Bourchier [1073] and Margaret Hardwick [1165], was born in 1685.21 He died in 1736.21 He married Mary Bellwood [1175].
High Sheriff of Yorks: 1730. Built modern Beningbrough Hall.
Mary Bellwood [1175] was born in 1683. She died in 1746. She and John Bourchier had the following children:
| +155 |
153. Dr. Ralph Bourchier [1167], son of Sir Barrington Bourchier [1073] and Margaret Hardwick [1165], died in 1797.21
Ralph Bourchier had the following children:
| +156 |
154. William Bourchier21 [1169] was the son of Sir Barrington Bourchier [1073] and Ursula Dalton [1168].
155. John Bourchier [1176], son of John Bourchier [1166] and Mary Bellwood [1175], was born in 1710.21 He died in 1759.21 He married Mildred Roundell [1177].
Mildred Roundell [1177] died in 1796.21 She and John Bourchier had the following children:
| +157 |
156. Margaret Bourchier [1179], daughter of Dr. Ralph Bourchier [1167], married Giles Earle [1180].
Giles Earle [1180] died in 1827.
Last Bourchier owner of Beningbrough Hall. Left it to Rev Hon Wm Fayan Dawnay, later (1833) 6th Viscount Daowne.21
157. Mildred Bourchier21 [1178], daughter of John Bourchier [1176] and Mildred Roundell [1177], died in 1760.21
| 1 | "Tudor Place Website" (http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BOURCHIER1.htm). |
| 2 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourchierenry_Bourchier,_1st_Earl_of_Essex. |
| 3 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bourchier,_1st_Baron_Bourchier. |
| 4 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bourchier,_1st_Count_of_Eu. |
| 5 | "The Wiki Tree" (http://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Plantagenet-Family-Tree-114). |
| 6 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bourchier,_1st_Earl_of_Essex. |
| 7 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_of_Cambridge,_Countess_of_Essex. |
| 8 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Woodville. |
| 9 | Vicary Gibbs (ed.) and others, "The Complete Peerage" (13 volumes (in 14 parts). London: The St Catherine Press Ltd. 1910-1959 Volume 14 (addenda and corrigenda). Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd. 1998. Microprint edition of volumes 1-13. Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd. First published 1982; reprinted 2000.). Volume 9, page 614. |
| 10 | Ibid. Volume 9, page 615. |
| 11 | Ibid. Volume 12, part 2, page 913. |
| 12 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners. |
| 13 | Vicary Gibbs (ed.) and others, "The Complete Peerage" (13 volumes (in 14 parts). London: The St Catherine Press Ltd. 1910-1959 Volume 14 (addenda and corrigenda). Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd. 1998. Microprint edition of volumes 1-13. Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd. First published 1982; reprinted 2000.). Volume 12, part 2, page 911. |
| 14 | Ibid. Volume 12, part 2, page 913; volume 14, page 642. |
| 15 | Ibid. Volume 12, part 2, page 910. |
| 16 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Bourchier,_7th_Baroness_Bourchier. |
| 17 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parr,_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton. |
| 18 | "Tudor Place Website" (http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BOURCHIER1.htm). http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/DEVEREUX.htm#Walter DEVEREUX (1° V. Hereford). |
| 19 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). |
| 20 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Devereux,_1st_Earl_of_Essex. |
| 21 | Tin Powys-Lybbe, "Powys Website" (www.powys.org). http://powys.org/pl_tree/ps08/ps08_246.html. |
| 22 | "Wikipedia" (en.wikipedia.org). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex. |
| 23 | Ibid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Carr,_Countess_of_Somerset. |