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Maria Biebow

Female 1692 -


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Timeline

1692
1715
1738
1760
1783
1806
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   Date  Event(s)
1 1692 
  • 1692—1692:
    Land Tax introduced - originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Tax.
  • 1692—1692:
    French intention to invade England came to nothing
  • 13 Feb 1692—13 Feb 1692:
    The massacre of Glencoe - Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald
2 1693 
  • 4 Aug 1693—4 Aug 1693:
    Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre P?rignon 's invention of Champagne
3 1694 
  • 1694—1694:
    National Debt came into effect in England
  • 1694—1694:
    Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland
  • 1694—1694:
    Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler
  • 1694—1694:
    Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years
  • 1694—1694:
    Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699)
  • 27 Jul 1694—27 Jul 1694:
    Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
4 1695 
  • 1695—1695:
    Freedom of Press in England granted
  • 1695—1695:
    Bank of Scotland founded
  • 1695—1695:
    Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706)
  • 1695—1695:
    Start of Dissenters' lists in parish registers - children born but not christened in the parish church - some were named 'Papist' and others 'Protestants'
5 1697 
  • 2 Dec 1697—2 Dec 1697:
    Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
6 1698 
  • 1698—1698:
    Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery
  • 1698—1698:
    Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama
  • 1698—1698:
    Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
  • 1698—1698:
    SA - Settlement of Wagenmaker's Vallei (Wellington).
  • 4 Jan 1698—4 Jan 1698:
    Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire
  • 14 Nov 1698—14 Nov 1698:
    Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
7 1700 
  • 1700—1700:
    Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
  • 1700—1799:
    SA - VOC slave trading in Mozambique; Zanzibar and Madagascar
  • 1700—1700:
    SA - Settlement in Land van Waveren (Tulbagh).
8 1701 
  • 1701—1701:
    Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne
  • 1701—1701:
    SA - Cattle raids by Khoisan commence against Dutch
  • 23 May 1701—23 May 1701:
    After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London
9 1702 
  • 8 Mar 1702—8 Mar 1702:
    Anne Stuart becomes Queen
  • 11 Mar 1702—11 Mar 1702:
    First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
10 1703 
  • 4 Aug 1703—4 Aug 1703:
    British take Gibraltar
  • 24 Nov 1703—24 Nov 1703:
    Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England - about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November (Nov 24 - Dec 2)
11 1704 
  • 1704—1704:
    Penal Code enacted - Catholics barred from voting, education and the military
  • 13 Aug 1704—13 Aug 1704:
    Battle of Blenheim
12 1705 
  • 1705—1705:
    First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711)
  • 1705—1705:
    Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
13 1706 
  • 1706—1706:
    First evening newspaper The Evening Post' issued in London
14 1707 
  • 16 Jan 1707—16 Jan 1707:
    Union with Scotland - Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges - Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March
  • 1 May 1707—1 May 1707:
    English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament - The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
15 1708 
  • 1708—1708:
    First Jacobite rising in Scotland
  • 1708—1708:
    Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
16 1709 
  • 1709—1709:
    Second Eddystone lighthouse completed
  • 1709—1709:
    First Copyright Act pass
  • 1709—1709:
    Bad harvests throughout Europe - bread riots in Britain
  • 2 Feb 1709—2 Feb 1709:
    Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
17 1710 
  • 1710—1710:
    Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
18 1711 
  • 1711—1711:
    Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London
  • 11 Aug 1711—11 Aug 1711:
    First race meeting at Ascot
19 1712 
  • 1712—1712:
    Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853)
  • 1712—1712:
    Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
  • 1712—1712:
    Toleration Act passed - first relief to non-Anglicans
20 1713 
  • 1713—1713:
    By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
  • 1713—1713:
    SA - Smallpox epidemic in the Cape, introduced from India, decimates Hottentots, kills many whites.
21 1714 
  • 1714—1714:
    Longitude Act: prize of ?20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer).
  • 1714—1714:
    Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England
  • 1714—1714:
    Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism
  • 1 Aug 1714—1 Aug 1714:
    Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
22 1715 
  • 1715—1715:
    Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen')
  • 1 Aug 1715—1 Aug 1715:
    Riot Act passed
23 1716 
  • 1716—1716:
    The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption - general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911)
  • 1716—1716:
    Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair
24 1717 
  • 1717—1717:
    SA - System of freehold title to land ends, by which time about 400 farms granted.
  • 1717—1717:
    First Masonic Lodge opens in London
  • 1717—1717:
    Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
25 1719 
  • 1719—1719:
    Third abortive Jacobite rising
26 1720 
  • 1720—1749:
    SA - Western Cape Khoekhoe reduced to labouring class
  • 1720—1720:
    South Sea Bubble, a stock-market crash on Exchange Alley - government assumes control of National Debt
  • 1720—1720:
    Manufacturing towns start to increase in population - rise of new wealth
  • 1720—1720:
    Wallpaper becomes fashionable in England
27 1721 
  • 2 Apr 1721—2 Apr 1721:
    Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
28 1722 
  • 1722—1722:
    SA - Groot Constantia is built.
  • 1722—1722:
    Last trial for witchcraft in Scotland
  • 1722—1722:
    Knatchbull's Act, poor laws
29 1723 
  • 1723—1723:
    Excise tax levied for coffee, tea, and chocolate
  • 1723—1723:
    The Waltham Black Acts add 50 capital offences to the penal code - people could be sentenced to death for theft and poaching - repealed in 1827
  • 1723—1723:
    The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
30 1724 
  • 1724—1724:
    Rapid growth of gin drinking in England
  • 1724—1724:
    Longman's founded (Britain's oldest publishing house)
31 1726 
  • 1726—1726:
    First circulating library opened in Edinburgh
  • 1726—1726:
    Invention of the chronometer by John Harrison
32 1727 
  • 1727—1727:
    Board of Manufacturers established in Scotland
  • 11 Jun 1727—11 Jun 1727:
    George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
33 1729 
  • 9 Nov 1729—9 Nov 1729:
    Treaty of Seville signed between Britain, France and Spain - Britain maintained control of Port Mahon and Gibraltar
34 1730 
  • 1730—1730:
    SA - The VOC imports slaves from Mozambique and Zanzibar. First Boers reach George area, trek inland into Langkloof.
  • 1730—1730:
    Irish famine
35 1731 
  • 1731—1731:
    Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull [others say 1701]
  • 1731—1731:
    Invention of sextant by John Hadley
36 1732 
  • 1732—1732:
    SA - Annual rental of a leningplaats doubled to 24 rixdollars. Quitrent system of land tenure introduced.
  • 7 Dec 1732—7 Dec 1732:
    Covent Garden Opera House opens
37 1733 
  • 1733—1733:
    Excise crisis: Sir Robert Walpole wanted to add excise tax to tobacco and wine - Pulteney and Bolingbroke oppose the excise tax
  • 1733—1733:
    Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years
  • 1733—1733:
    John Kay invents the flying shuttle, revolutionised the weaving industry
38 1734 
  • 1734—1734:
    SA - Great Brak River proclaimed eastern boundary of Cape.
  • 1734—1734:
    Kent's Directory published
39 1737 
  • 1737—1743:
    SA - Short-lived Moravian mission to Khoekhoe
  • 1737—1737:
    Licensing Act restricts the number of London theatres and subects plays to censorship of the Lord Chamberlain (till 1950s)
40 1738 
  • 24 May 1738—24 May 1738:
    John Wesley has his conversion experience
41 1739 
  • 1739—1739:
    Wesley and Whitefield commence great Methodist revival
  • 7 Apr 1739—7 Apr 1739:
    Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York
  • 23 Oct 1739—23 Oct 1739:
    War of Jenkins' Ear starts: Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain
42 1741 
  • 1741—1741:
    Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers
43 1742 
  • 1742—1742:
    England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade
44 1743 
  • 1743—1743:
    SA - First recorded Trekboer loan farms in Roggeveld
  • 1743—1743:
    SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Roodezand and Tulbagh.
  • 16 Jun 1743—16 Jun 1743:
    (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
45 1744 
  • 1744—1744:
    Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
46 1745 
  • 1745—1745:
    SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregations founded in Swartland (Malmesbury).
  • 1745—1745:
    Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
  • 19 Aug 1745—19 Aug 1745:
    Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
47 1746 
  • 1746—1746:
    SA - Swellendam is founded.
  • 16 Apr 1746—16 Apr 1746:
    Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
48 1747 
  • 1747—1747:
    Act for Pacification of the Highlands
  • 1747—1747:
    Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
49 1749 
  • 27 Apr 1749—27 Apr 1749:
    First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park, London)
50 1750 
  • Feb 1750—Feb 1750:
    Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)
  • 16 Nov 1750—16 Nov 1750:
    Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
51 1751 
  • Mar 1751—Mar 1751:
    Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed - royal assent to the bill was given on 22 May 1751 - decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: In and throughout all his
52 1752 
  • 1752—1752:
    Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor
  • 1 Jan 1752—1 Jan 1752:
    Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as 1582]
  • 3 Sep 1752—3 Sep 1752:
    Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this Sep 14
53 1753 
  • 1753—1753:
    Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum
  • 1 May 1753—1 May 1753:
    Publication of ?Species Plantarum' by Linnaeus and the formal start date of plant taxonomy
54 1754 
  • 1754—1754:
    Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt
  • 1754—1754:
    In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one
  • 1754—1754:
    First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India
  • 1754—1754:
    SA - First recorded Xam San resistance to Roggeveld Trekboers
55 1755 
  • 1755—1755:
    Publication of Dictionary of the English Language' by Dr Samuel Johnson
  • 1755—1755:
    Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)
  • 1755—1755:
    SA - Smallpox epidemic in the Cape. Foundation stone of Old Town House in Cape Town is laid.
  • 2 Dec 1755—2 Dec 1755:
    Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire
56 1756 
  • 15 May 1756—15 May 1756:
    The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins
  • Jun 1756—Jun 1756:
    Black Hole of Calcutta - 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British sources
57 1757 
  • 1757—1757:
    The foundation laid for the Empire of India
  • 14 Mar 1757—14 Mar 1757:
    Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca
  • 23 Jun 1757—23 Jun 1757:
    The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of Plassey (Palashi, June 23) - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive
58 1758 
  • 1758—1758:
    India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade
59 1759 
  • 1759—1759:
    Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels
  • 15 Jan 1759—15 Jan 1759:
    British Museum opens to the public in London
  • 16 Oct 1759—16 Oct 1759:
    Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton's) completed
60 1760 
  • 1760—1760:
    Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland
  • 1760—1760:
    SA - Jansz; Coetse with Klaas Barends and others cross Gariep River
  • 5 May 1760—5 May 1760:
    First use of hangman's drop
  • 25 Oct 1760—25 Oct 1760:
    George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called first Industrial Revolution'
61 1761 
  • 1761—1762:
    SA - Hendrik Hop travels to Gariep River
  • 16 Jan 1761—16 Jan 1761:
    British capture Pondicherry, India from the French
62 1762 
  • 1762—1762:
    Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
63 1763 
  • 1763—1763:
    Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language
64 1764 
  • 1764—1764:
    Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
  • 1764—1764:
    Practice of numbering houses introduced to London
  • 1764—1764:
    James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)
  • 1764—1764:
    Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight
65 1765 
  • 1765—1765:
    The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe
  • 22 Mar 1765—22 Mar 1765:
    Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)
66 1766 
  • 1766—1766:
    Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK
  • 5 Dec 1766—5 Dec 1766:
    Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie
67 1767 
  • 1767—1767:
    Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
68 1768 
  • 9 Jan 1768—9 Jan 1768:
    Philip Astley starts his circus in London
  • 6 Dec 1768—6 Dec 1768:
    The first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica' published in Edinburgh by William Smellie
69 1769 
  • 1769—1769:
    Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
  • 1769—1769:
    Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
  • 6 Sep 1769—6 Sep 1769:
    David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
70 1770 
  • 1770—1770:
    Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications
  • 1770—1799:
    SA - Intensive Khoisan resistance to Trekboer occupation
  • 28 Apr 1770—28 Apr 1770:
    Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) ? Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain
71 1771 
  • 1771—1771:
    Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
  • 1771—1771:
    SA - Clashes between Trekboers and Xhosa begin as trekkers cross the Gamtoos River in the east
72 1772 
  • 1772—1772:
    First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company
  • 1772—1772:
    Morning Post' first published (until 1937)
  • 14 May 1772—14 May 1772:
    Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
73 1774 
  • 1774—1774:
    SA - General Commando mounted against San: 503 killed; 241 captured
  • 13 Sep 1774—13 Sep 1774:
    Cook arrives on Easter Island
74 1775 
  • 19 Apr 1775—19 Apr 1775:
    Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775- 1783)
75 1776 
  • 1776—1776:
    Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
  • 1776—1776:
    Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine
  • 4 Jul 1776—4 Jul 1776:
    American Declaration of Independence
  • 7 Sep 1776—7 Sep 1776:
    First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's ?Turtle' attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship) but was nevertheless unsuccessful. 'Turtle' was a one man Affair man-powered [Les Moore]
76 1777 
  • 1777—1777:
    Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
77 1778 
  • 1778—1778:
    SA - Colonial boundary extended to Buffels; Zak; and Fish Rivers
  • 1778—1779:
    SA - Hendrik Jacob Wikar and Robert Jacob Gordon meet Khoekhoe; Geisiqua and Tswana groups along lower and middle Gariep which Gordon names Orange River in honour of the Netherlands Stadtholder
78 1779 
  • 1779—1779:
    Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent
  • 1779—1779:
    First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson
  • 1779—1779:
    First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
  • 14 Feb 1779—14 Feb 1779:
    Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii
  • 23 Sep 1779—23 Sep 1779:
    Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
79 1780 
  • 1780—1780:
    Male Servants Tax
  • 1780—1780:
    The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
  • 1780—1780:
    Fountain pen invented
  • 1780—1780:
    About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
  • 1780—1780:
    SA - First Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
  • 4 May 1780—4 May 1780:
    First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
  • 2 Jun 1780—2 Jun 1780:
    Jun 2- 8: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
80 1782 
  • 1782—1782:
    Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns
  • 1782—1782:
    James Watt patents his steam engine
  • 1782—1782:
    SA - First issue of paper rix dollars.
81 1783 
  • 1783—1783:
    Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries!
  • 1783—1792:
    SA - Le Vaillant and Van Reenen travel in Namaqualand and north of Orange River
  • 3 Sep 1783—3 Sep 1783:
    Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
  • 3 Nov 1783—3 Nov 1783:
    Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
82 1784 
  • 1784—1784:
    Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics
  • 1784—1784:
    Wesley breaks with the Church of England
  • 1784—1784:
    First golf club founded at St Andrews
  • 1784—1784:
    Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
  • 2 Aug 1784—2 Aug 1784:
    First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
83 1785 
  • 1785—1785:
    Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
  • 1 Jan 1785—1 Jan 1785:
    John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)
84 1786 
  • 1786—1786:
    SA - Graaff-Reinet founded
85 1787 
  • 1787—1787:
    MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
86 1788 
  • 1788—1788:
    First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
  • 1788—1788:
    Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced)
  • 1788—1788:
    First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships
  • 1788—1788:
    King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales
  • 1788—1788:
    Gibbon completes Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'
  • 26 Jan 1788—26 Jan 1788:
    First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
87 1789 
  • 1789—1789:
    SA - Merino (wool-producing) sheep brought from Holland
  • 1789—1793:
    SA - Second Frontier War between Xhosa and whites.
  • 28 Apr 1789—28 Apr 1789:
    Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
88 1790 
  • 1790—1790:
    Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
  • 1790—1799:
    SA - In documented raids on "Bosjesmen" 2000 - 3000 Khoisan are killed
89 1791 
  • 1791—1791:
    John Bell, printer, abandons the long s' (the 's' that looks like an 'f')
  • 1791—1791:
    Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
  • 4 Dec 1791—4 Dec 1791:
    First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
90 1792 
  • 1792—1792:
    Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel
  • 1792—1792:
    Boyle's Street Directory published
  • 1792—1792:
    Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot
  • 1792—1792:
    SA - Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded in Graaff-Reinet.
  • 1792—1792:
    SA - Morovian Mission founded at Genadendal.
  • 1 Oct 1792—1 Oct 1792:
    Introduction of Money Orders in Britain
  • 1 Dec 1792—1 Dec 1792:
    King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
91 1793 
  • 11 Feb 1793—11 Feb 1793:
    Britain declares war on France (1793-1802)
  • 15 Apr 1793—15 Apr 1793:
    ?5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
92 1794 
  • 1794—1794:
    Abolition of Parish Register duties
  • 6 Oct 1794—6 Oct 1794:
    The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore treasonous
93 1795 
  • 1795—1795:
    The Famine Year
  • 1795—1795:
    Foundation of the Orange Order
  • 1795—1795:
    Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low
  • 1795—1795:
    Pitt and Grenville introduce The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture.
  • 1795—1795:
    Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
  • 1795—1795:
    SA - Xhosa at Prieska
  • 1795—1802:
    SA - British occupy Cape on behalf of William of Orange. Slaves outnumber European settlers at this time
  • 1795—1795:
    SA - Revolt in Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet.
94 1796 
  • 1796—1796:
    Pitt's Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate
  • 1796—1796:
    Legacy Tax on sums over ?20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents
  • 1796—1796:
    SA - Pieter Pienaar murdered by Jager Afrikaner at Hantam. Afrikaner becomes frontier leader
  • 14 May 1796—14 May 1796:
    Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
95 1797 
  • 1797—1797:
    England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments
  • 1797—1797:
    Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore
  • 1797—1797:
    Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications
  • 1797—1797:
    The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press
  • 22 Feb 1797—22 Feb 1797:
    French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all captured 2 days later
  • 26 Feb 1797—26 Feb 1797:
    First ?1 (and ?2) notes issued by Bank of England
96 1798 
  • 1798—1798:
    First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner
  • 1798—1798:
    SA - First Post Office. Liquidation of Dutch East India Company. First mosque in southern Africa established in Dorp Street by Tuan Guru. Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded at Swellendam.
  • Feb 1798—Feb 1798:
    The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)
  • 1 Aug 1798—1 Aug 1798:
    Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
97 1799 
  • 1799—1799:
    Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York
  • 1799—1799:
    Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain
  • 1799—1802:
    SA - Eastern Cape Khoekhoe revolt
  • 1799—1799:
    SA - First London Missionary Society (LMS) station - to |Xam - on Zak River.
  • 1799—1799:
    SA - Fort Frederick built in Algoa Bay by British soldiers. Third Frontier War between the Xhosa and whites. Beginning of London Missionary Society work in South Africa.
  • 9 Jan 1799—9 Jan 1799:
    Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure
  • 12 Jul 1799—12 Jul 1799:
    'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
  • 15 Jul 1799—15 Jul 1799:
    ?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
98 1800 
  • 1800—1800:
    Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy
  • 1800—1800:
    Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)
  • 1800—1800:
    Royal College of Surgeons founded
  • 1800—1800:
    Herschel discovers infra-red light
  • 1800—1800:
    Volta makes first electrical battery
  • 1800—1800:
    SA - First printing press in Cape Town. Government Gazette started.
  • 2 Jul 1800—2 Jul 1800:
    Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
99 1801 
  • 1801—1801:
    Grand Union Canal opens in England
  • 1801—1801:
    Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London
  • 1801—1801:
    SA - Official expedition of Truter; Somerville; Barrow and Daniell; with missionaries Jan Matthys Kok and William Edwards; reaches Dithakong
  • 1801—1801:
    SA - William Anderson established mission at Aakaap and then Klaarwater (later Griquatown). Khoisan spelling book printed by LMS
  • 1 Jan 1801—1 Jan 1801:
    Union Jack becomes the official British flag
  • 10 Mar 1801—10 Mar 1801:
    First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)
  • 24 Dec 1801—24 Dec 1801:
    Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
100 1802 
  • Feb 1802—Jan 1806:
    SA - Batavian Republic rules the Cape.
  • 25 Mar 1802—25 Mar 1802:
    Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again

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