Timeline: John Gush: British 1820 Settlers to South Africa

John Gush

1647 - 1685 (38 years)

1647

John Gush (1647 - 1685)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1648	1648—1648: Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox 1648—1648: First practical thermometers made
2	1649	1649—1649: Cromwell's Irish campaign starts 1649—1649: King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland 6 Jan 1649—6 Jan 1649: 'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial 30 Jan 1649—30 Jan 1649: King Charles I executed 19 May 1649—19 May 1649: Commonwealth declared 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Theatres banned by Cromwell 20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649: Christmas banned by Cromwell
3	1650	1650—1650: Coffee brought to England about this time
4	1651	1651—1651: The second English Civil War (1651-1652) 1651—1651: Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America 3 Sep 1651—3 Sep 1651: Battle of Worcester
5	1652	6 Apr 1652—6 Apr 1652: SA - The first white settlers, led by Jan van Riebeeck, arrive in Table Bay. The Cape Colony is governed by the Dutch East India Company(VOC)until 1795.
6	1653	1653—1653: Commonwealth registers start 1653—1653: Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land 1653—1653: Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London 20 Apr 1653—20 Apr 1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament 16 Dec 1653—16 Dec 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
7	1654	1654—1654: SA - Asian convicts brought to Cape as slaves
8	1657	1657—1657: SA - Settlement in Liesbeeck Valley (Rondebosch) by first 9 free white burghers. Slaves imported from Madagascar and Java. 1657—1657: SA - First Free Burghers settle on Khoekhoe land 1657—1657: Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660] 1657—1657: A few Jews permitted to settle in England
9	1658	1658—1658: Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660) 3 Sep 1658—3 Sep 1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
10	1659	1659—1660: SA - Armed Khoekhoe resist Dutch seizure of land 1659—1659: Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK 6 Feb 1659—6 Feb 1659: Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn
11	1660	1660—1679: SA - Expansion of Cape settlement 1660—1660: SA - Almond hedge planted to protect the settlement from the Hottentots (Khoikhoi). First horses arrive at the Cape from Batavia, circa 1660s. 1660—1660: Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed 1660—1660: Provincial Probate Courts re-established 1660—1660: Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom 1660—1660: Composition of light discovered by Newton 1660—1660: Honourable East India Company founded by British 1 Jan 1660—1 Jan 1660: Samuel Pepys starts his diary 29 May 1660—29 May 1660: Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened 17 Oct 1660—17 Oct 1660: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn 28 Nov 1660—28 Nov 1660: Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society 8 Dec 1660—8 Dec 1660: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)
12	1661	1661—1661: SA - Rumours noted at Cape concerning "Briqua" - later known to be Tswana 1661—1661: Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland 1661—1661: Board of Trade founded in London 1661—1661: Hand-struck postage stamps first used 1661—1661: Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office 30 Jan 1661—30 Jan 1661: Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!
13	1662	1662—1662: 'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland) 1662—1662: Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834) 1662—1662: Tea introduced to Britain May 1662—May 1662: SA - Jan van Riebeeck leaves the Cape for Malacca. 24 Aug 1662—24 Aug 1662: Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established - Episcopalian Church of England restored
14	1663	1663—1663: SA - Outposts set up at Saldanha Bay and Hottentots Holland.
15	1664	29 May 1664—29 May 1664: Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common Prayer and people wore sprigs of oak with gilded oak-apples on that day. 27 Aug 1664—27 Aug 1664: Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col. Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York
16	1665	1665—1665: SA - The first Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded at the Cape and the first minister appointed, Rev. J. van Arkel. 1665—1665: Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000 1665—1665: Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain 7 Nov 1665—7 Nov 1665: The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United Kingdom
17	1666	1666—1666: SA - The Castle (or Fort) building started in Cape Town 1666—1666: SA - Settlements in Saldanha Bay and Vishoek (Fish Hoek). First Calvinist church built in Cape Town. 1666—1666: Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester 1666—1666: Newton formulated Laws of Gravity 2 Sep 1666—2 Sep 1666: Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)
18	1667	1667—1667: SA - Indians arrive at the Cape.
19	1668	1668—1668: British East India Company obtains control of Bombay 1668—1668: Newton constructs reflecting telescope
20	1669	31 May 1669—31 May 1669: Last entry in Pepys's diary
21	1670	26 May 1670—26 May 1670: King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover
22	1671	9 May 1671—9 May 1671: Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels
23	1672	1672—1672: High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland 1672—1672: War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men
24	1673	1673—1673: SA - Second Dutch-Khoekhoe war 1673—1673: First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
25	1674	10 Nov 1674—10 Nov 1674: Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern coast of North America) to Britain
26	1675	1675—1675: Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury 1675—1675: Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710) 4 Mar 1675—4 Mar 1675: John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England 10 Aug 1675—10 Aug 1675: Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
27	1676	1676—1676: Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes
28	1677	1677—1677: Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published
29	1678	1678—1678: SA - Settlement of Hottentots-Holland. 1678—1678: Extension of Test Act to peers
30	1679	1679—1679: SA - Simon van der Stel arrives with orders to expand colony 1679—1679: SA - Stellenbosch founded. Castle in Cape Town is completed. First farmers settle along the Eerste River. 1679—1679: Tories first so named 27 May 1679—27 May 1679: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to time)
31	1680	1680—1680: William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post 1680—1680: Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting
32	1681	1681—1681: Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament 1681—1681: Oil lighting first used in London streets
33	1682	1682—1682: Pennsylvania founded by William Penn 1682—1682: Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland 1682—1682: Halley observes the comet which bears his name
34	1683	1683—1683: Wild boar become extinct in Britain 6 Jun 1683—6 Jun 1683: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain
35	1685	1685—1685: James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men 1685—1685: Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland 1685—1685: Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported 1685—1685: SA - Simon van der Stel visits Namaqualand 1685—1685: SA - Commissioner Hendrik van Reede (VOC) decrees that male slaves can buy their freedom for 100 guilders on reaching the age of 25 years, provided that they have been confirmed in the Dutch Reformed Church and can speak Dutch. The same conditions apply to female slaves, who can buy their freedom at age 22 years.

Date

Event(s)

1648

1648—1648:
Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox
1648—1648:
First practical thermometers made

1649

1649—1649:
Cromwell's Irish campaign starts
1649—1649:
King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland
6 Jan 1649—6 Jan 1649:
'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial
30 Jan 1649—30 Jan 1649:
King Charles I executed
19 May 1649—19 May 1649:
Commonwealth declared
20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649:
Theatres banned by Cromwell
20 Dec 1649—20 Dec 1649:
Christmas banned by Cromwell

1650

1650—1650:
Coffee brought to England about this time

1651

1651—1651:
The second English Civil War (1651-1652)
1651—1651:
Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America
3 Sep 1651—3 Sep 1651:
Battle of Worcester

1652

6 Apr 1652—6 Apr 1652:
SA - The first white settlers, led by Jan van Riebeeck, arrive in Table Bay. The Cape Colony is governed by the Dutch East India Company(VOC)until 1795.

1653

1653—1653:
Commonwealth registers start
1653—1653:
Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land
1653—1653:
Provincial probate courts abolished - probates granted only in London
20 Apr 1653—20 Apr 1653:
Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament
16 Dec 1653—16 Dec 1653:
Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

1654

1654—1654:
SA - Asian convicts brought to Cape as slaves

1657

1657—1657:
SA - Settlement in Liesbeeck Valley (Rondebosch) by first 9 free white burghers. Slaves imported from Madagascar and Java.
1657—1657:
SA - First Free Burghers settle on Khoekhoe land
1657—1657:
Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660]
1657—1657:
A few Jews permitted to settle in England

1658

1658—1658:
Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660)
3 Sep 1658—3 Sep 1658:
Death of Oliver Cromwell

1659

1659—1660:
SA - Armed Khoekhoe resist Dutch seizure of land
1659—1659:
Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK
6 Feb 1659—6 Feb 1659:
Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn

1660

1660—1679:
SA - Expansion of Cape settlement
1660—1660:
SA - Almond hedge planted to protect the settlement from the Hottentots (Khoikhoi). First horses arrive at the Cape from Batavia, circa 1660s.
1660—1660:
Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed
1660—1660:
Provincial Probate Courts re-established
1660—1660:
Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom
1660—1660:
Composition of light discovered by Newton
1660—1660:
Honourable East India Company founded by British
1 Jan 1660—1 Jan 1660:
Samuel Pepys starts his diary
29 May 1660—29 May 1660:
Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) - 'Oak Apple Day' - theatres reopened
17 Oct 1660—17 Oct 1660:
Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn
28 Nov 1660—28 Nov 1660:
Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society
8 Dec 1660—8 Dec 1660:
First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)

1661

1661—1661:
SA - Rumours noted at Cape concerning "Briqua" - later known to be Tswana
1661—1661:
Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland
1661—1661:
Board of Trade founded in London
1661—1661:
Hand-struck postage stamps first used
1661—1661:
Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office
30 Jan 1661—30 Jan 1661:
Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!

1662

1662—1662:
'Hearth Tax' introduced - until 1689 (1690 in Scotland)
1662—1662:
Poor Relief Act or Act of Settlement' - gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)
1662—1662:
Tea introduced to Britain
May 1662—May 1662:
SA - Jan van Riebeeck leaves the Cape for Malacca.
24 Aug 1662—24 Aug 1662:
Act of Uniformity - Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required - About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents) - Persecution of all non-conformists - Presbyterianism dis-established - Episcopalian Church of England restored

1663

1663—1663:
SA - Outposts set up at Saldanha Bay and Hottentots Holland.

1664

29 May 1664—29 May 1664:
Oak Apple Day - the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common Prayer and people wore sprigs of oak with gilded oak-apples on that day.
27 Aug 1664—27 Aug 1664:
Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col. Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York

1665

1665—1665:
SA - The first Dutch Reformed Church congregation founded at the Cape and the first minister appointed, Rev. J. van Arkel.
1665—1665:
Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000
1665—1665:
Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain
7 Nov 1665—7 Nov 1665:
The ?London Gazette' first published - one of the official journals of record of the United Kingdom government and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United Kingdom

1666

1666—1666:
SA - The Castle (or Fort) building started in Cape Town
1666—1666:
SA - Settlements in Saldanha Bay and Vishoek (Fish Hoek). First Calvinist church built in Cape Town.
1666—1666:
Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester
1666—1666:
Newton formulated Laws of Gravity
2 Sep 1666—2 Sep 1666:
Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)

1667

1667—1667:
SA - Indians arrive at the Cape.

1668

1668—1668:
British East India Company obtains control of Bombay
1668—1668:
Newton constructs reflecting telescope

1669

31 May 1669—31 May 1669:
Last entry in Pepys's diary

1670

26 May 1670—26 May 1670:
King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover

1671

9 May 1671—9 May 1671:
Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels

1672

1672—1672:
High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland
1672—1672:
War with Holland (to 1674) - British Army increased to 10,000 men

1673

1673—1673:
SA - Second Dutch-Khoekhoe war
1673—1673:
First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office

1674

10 Nov 1674—10 Nov 1674:
Treaty of Westminster - Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern coast of North America) to Britain

1675

1675—1675:
Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury
1675—1675:
Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren (completed 1710)
4 Mar 1675—4 Mar 1675:
John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England
10 Aug 1675—10 Aug 1675:
Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started

1676

1676—1676:
Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes

1677

1677—1677:
Lee's Collection of Names of Merchants in London' published

1678

1678—1678:
SA - Settlement of Hottentots-Holland.
1678—1678:
Extension of Test Act to peers

1679

1679—1679:
SA - Simon van der Stel arrives with orders to expand colony
1679—1679:
SA - Stellenbosch founded. Castle in Cape Town is completed. First farmers settle along the Eerste River.
1679—1679:
Tories first so named
27 May 1679—27 May 1679:
Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England - (later repealed from time to time)

1680

1680—1680:
William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post
1680—1680:
Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting

1681

1681—1681:
Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament
1681—1681:
Oil lighting first used in London streets

1682

1682—1682:
Pennsylvania founded by William Penn
1682—1682:
Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh - later National Library of Scotland
1682—1682:
Halley observes the comet which bears his name

1683

1683—1683:
Wild boar become extinct in Britain
6 Jun 1683—6 Jun 1683:
Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford - first museum in Britain

1685

1685—1685:
James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) - Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor - British Army raised to 20,000 men
1685—1685:
Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland
1685—1685:
Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes - 320 executed, 800 transported
1685—1685:
SA - Simon van der Stel visits Namaqualand
1685—1685:
SA - Commissioner Hendrik van Reede (VOC) decrees that male slaves can buy their freedom for 100 guilders on reaching the age of 25 years, provided that they have been confirmed in the Dutch Reformed Church and can speak Dutch. The same conditions apply to female slaves, who can buy their freedom at age 22 years.

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